diff --git a/.azure-pipelines/jobs/test-docker.yml b/.azure-pipelines/jobs/test-docker.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41dc2daec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.azure-pipelines/jobs/test-docker.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+parameters:
+  docker: ''  # defaults for any parameters that aren't specified
+  dockerTag: 'master'
+  name: ''
+  vmImage: 'Ubuntu-16.04'
+
+jobs:
+
+- job:  ${{ parameters.name }}
+  pool:
+    vmImage: ${{ parameters.vmImage }}
+
+  steps:
+  - script: |
+      docker pull pythonpillow/${{ parameters.docker }}:${{ parameters.dockerTag }}
+    displayName: 'Docker pull'
+
+  - script: |
+      # The Pillow user in the docker container is UID 1000
+      sudo chown -R 1000 $(Build.SourcesDirectory)
+      docker run -v $(Build.SourcesDirectory):/Pillow pythonpillow/${{ parameters.docker }}:${{ parameters.dockerTag }}
+    displayName: 'Docker build'
diff --git a/azure-pipelines.yml b/azure-pipelines.yml
index ad8c10056..bef5eeee6 100644
--- a/azure-pipelines.yml
+++ b/azure-pipelines.yml
@@ -10,3 +10,58 @@ jobs:
   parameters:
     name: Lint
     vmImage: 'Ubuntu-16.04'
+
+- template: .azure-pipelines/jobs/test-docker.yml
+  parameters:
+    docker: 'alpine'
+    name:   'alpine'
+
+- template: .azure-pipelines/jobs/test-docker.yml
+  parameters:
+    docker: 'arch'
+    name:   'arch'
+
+- template: .azure-pipelines/jobs/test-docker.yml
+  parameters:
+    docker: 'ubuntu-trusty-x86'
+    name:   'ubuntu_trusty_x86'
+
+- template: .azure-pipelines/jobs/test-docker.yml
+  parameters:
+    docker: 'ubuntu-xenial-amd64'
+    name:   'ubuntu_xenial_amd64'
+
+- template: .azure-pipelines/jobs/test-docker.yml
+  parameters:
+    docker: 'debian-stretch-x86'
+    name:   'debian_stretch_x86'
+
+- template: .azure-pipelines/jobs/test-docker.yml
+  parameters:
+    docker: 'centos-6-amd64'
+    name:   'centos_6_amd64'
+
+- template: .azure-pipelines/jobs/test-docker.yml
+  parameters:
+    docker: 'centos-7-amd64'
+    name:   'centos_7_amd64'
+
+- template: .azure-pipelines/jobs/test-docker.yml
+  parameters:
+    docker: 'amazon-1-amd64'
+    name:   'amazon_1_amd64'
+
+- template: .azure-pipelines/jobs/test-docker.yml
+  parameters:
+    docker: 'amazon-2-amd64'
+    name:   'amazon_2_amd64'
+
+- template: .azure-pipelines/jobs/test-docker.yml
+  parameters:
+    docker: 'fedora-28-amd64'
+    name:   'fedora_28_amd64'
+
+- template: .azure-pipelines/jobs/test-docker.yml
+  parameters:
+    docker: 'fedora-29-amd64'
+    name:   'fedora_29_amd64'