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1
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www.uvicorn.org

237
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/* Avoid breaking parameter names, etc. in table cells. */
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margin-left: 0 !important;
margin-right: 0.2rem;
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/* Backward-compatibility: docstring section titles in bold. */
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/*!
* Lunr languages, `Danish` language
* https://github.com/MihaiValentin/lunr-languages
*
* Copyright 2014, Mihai Valentin
* http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*/
/*!
* based on
* Snowball JavaScript Library v0.3
* http://code.google.com/p/urim/
* http://snowball.tartarus.org/
*
* Copyright 2010, Oleg Mazko
* http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*/
!function(e,r){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(r):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=r():r()(e.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(e){if(void 0===e)throw new Error("Lunr is not present. Please include / require Lunr before this script.");if(void 0===e.stemmerSupport)throw new Error("Lunr stemmer support is not present. Please include / require Lunr stemmer support before this script.");e.da=function(){this.pipeline.reset(),this.pipeline.add(e.da.trimmer,e.da.stopWordFilter,e.da.stemmer),this.searchPipeline&&(this.searchPipeline.reset(),this.searchPipeline.add(e.da.stemmer))},e.da.wordCharacters="A-Za-zªºÀ-ÖØ-öø-ʸˠ-ˤᴀ-ᴥᴬ-ᵜᵢ-ᵥᵫ-ᵷᵹ-ᶾḀ-ỿⁱⁿₐ-ₜKÅℲⅎⅠ-ↈⱠ-ⱿꜢ-ꞇꞋ-ꞭꞰ-ꞷꟷ-ꟿꬰ-ꭚꭜ-ꭤff-stA--",e.da.trimmer=e.trimmerSupport.generateTrimmer(e.da.wordCharacters),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.da.trimmer,"trimmer-da"),e.da.stemmer=function(){var r=e.stemmerSupport.Among,i=e.stemmerSupport.SnowballProgram,n=new function(){function e(){var e,r=f.cursor+3;if(d=f.limit,0<=r&&r<=f.limit){for(a=r;;){if(e=f.cursor,f.in_grouping(w,97,248)){f.cursor=e;break}if(f.cursor=e,e>=f.limit)return;f.cursor++}for(;!f.out_grouping(w,97,248);){if(f.cursor>=f.limit)return;f.cursor++}d=f.cursor,d<a&&(d=a)}}function n(){var e,r;if(f.cursor>=d&&(r=f.limit_backward,f.limit_backward=d,f.ket=f.cursor,e=f.find_among_b(c,32),f.limit_backward=r,e))switch(f.bra=f.cursor,e){case 1:f.slice_del();break;case 2:f.in_grouping_b(p,97,229)&&f.slice_del()}}function t(){var e,r=f.limit-f.cursor;f.cursor>=d&&(e=f.limit_backward,f.limit_backward=d,f.ket=f.cursor,f.find_among_b(l,4)?(f.bra=f.cursor,f.limit_backward=e,f.cursor=f.limit-r,f.cursor>f.limit_backward&&(f.cursor--,f.bra=f.cursor,f.slice_del())):f.limit_backward=e)}function s(){var e,r,i,n=f.limit-f.cursor;if(f.ket=f.cursor,f.eq_s_b(2,"st")&&(f.bra=f.cursor,f.eq_s_b(2,"ig")&&f.slice_del()),f.cursor=f.limit-n,f.cursor>=d&&(r=f.limit_backward,f.limit_backward=d,f.ket=f.cursor,e=f.find_among_b(m,5),f.limit_backward=r,e))switch(f.bra=f.cursor,e){case 1:f.slice_del(),i=f.limit-f.cursor,t(),f.cursor=f.limit-i;break;case 2:f.slice_from("løs")}}function o(){var e;f.cursor>=d&&(e=f.limit_backward,f.limit_backward=d,f.ket=f.cursor,f.out_grouping_b(w,97,248)?(f.bra=f.cursor,u=f.slice_to(u),f.limit_backward=e,f.eq_v_b(u)&&f.slice_del()):f.limit_backward=e)}var a,d,u,c=[new r("hed",-1,1),new r("ethed",0,1),new r("ered",-1,1),new r("e",-1,1),new r("erede",3,1),new r("ende",3,1),new r("erende",5,1),new r("ene",3,1),new r("erne",3,1),new r("ere",3,1),new r("en",-1,1),new r("heden",10,1),new r("eren",10,1),new r("er",-1,1),new r("heder",13,1),new r("erer",13,1),new r("s",-1,2),new r("heds",16,1),new r("es",16,1),new r("endes",18,1),new r("erendes",19,1),new r("enes",18,1),new r("ernes",18,1),new r("eres",18,1),new r("ens",16,1),new r("hedens",24,1),new r("erens",24,1),new r("ers",16,1),new r("ets",16,1),new r("erets",28,1),new r("et",-1,1),new r("eret",30,1)],l=[new r("gd",-1,-1),new r("dt",-1,-1),new r("gt",-1,-1),new r("kt",-1,-1)],m=[new r("ig",-1,1),new r("lig",0,1),new r("elig",1,1),new r("els",-1,1),new r("løst",-1,2)],w=[17,65,16,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,48,0,128],p=[239,254,42,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,16],f=new i;this.setCurrent=function(e){f.setCurrent(e)},this.getCurrent=function(){return f.getCurrent()},this.stem=function(){var r=f.cursor;return e(),f.limit_backward=r,f.cursor=f.limit,n(),f.cursor=f.limit,t(),f.cursor=f.limit,s(),f.cursor=f.limit,o(),!0}};return function(e){return"function"==typeof e.update?e.update(function(e){return n.setCurrent(e),n.stem(),n.getCurrent()}):(n.setCurrent(e),n.stem(),n.getCurrent())}}(),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.da.stemmer,"stemmer-da"),e.da.stopWordFilter=e.generateStopWordFilter("ad af alle alt anden at blev blive bliver da de dem den denne der deres det dette dig din disse dog du efter eller en end er et for fra ham han hans har havde have hende hendes her hos hun hvad hvis hvor i ikke ind jeg jer jo kunne man mange med meget men mig min mine mit mod ned noget nogle nu når og også om op os over på selv sig sin sine sit skal skulle som sådan thi til ud under var vi vil ville vor være været".split(" ")),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.da.stopWordFilter,"stopWordFilter-da")}});

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!function(e,r){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(r):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=r():r()(e.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(e){if(void 0===e)throw new Error("Lunr is not present. Please include / require Lunr before this script.");if(void 0===e.stemmerSupport)throw new Error("Lunr stemmer support is not present. Please include / require Lunr stemmer support before this script.");e.hi=function(){this.pipeline.reset(),this.pipeline.add(e.hi.trimmer,e.hi.stopWordFilter,e.hi.stemmer),this.searchPipeline&&(this.searchPipeline.reset(),this.searchPipeline.add(e.hi.stemmer))},e.hi.wordCharacters="ऀ-ःऄ-एऐ-टठ-यर-िी-ॏॐ-य़ॠ-९॰-ॿa-zA-Z--0-9-",e.hi.trimmer=e.trimmerSupport.generateTrimmer(e.hi.wordCharacters),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.hi.trimmer,"trimmer-hi"),e.hi.stopWordFilter=e.generateStopWordFilter("अत अपना अपनी अपने अभी अंदर आदि आप इत्यादि इन इनका इन्हीं इन्हें इन्हों इस इसका इसकी इसके इसमें इसी इसे उन उनका उनकी उनके उनको उन्हीं उन्हें उन्हों उस उसके उसी उसे एक एवं एस ऐसे और कई कर करता करते करना करने करें कहते कहा का काफ़ी कि कितना किन्हें किन्हों किया किर किस किसी किसे की कुछ कुल के को कोई कौन कौनसा गया घर जब जहाँ जा जितना जिन जिन्हें जिन्हों जिस जिसे जीधर जैसा जैसे जो तक तब तरह तिन तिन्हें तिन्हों तिस तिसे तो था थी थे दबारा दिया दुसरा दूसरे दो द्वारा न नके नहीं ना निहायत नीचे ने पर पहले पूरा पे फिर बनी बही बहुत बाद बाला बिलकुल भी भीतर मगर मानो मे में यदि यह यहाँ यही या यिह ये रखें रहा रहे ऱ्वासा लिए लिये लेकिन व वग़ैरह वर्ग वह वहाँ वहीं वाले वुह वे वो सकता सकते सबसे सभी साथ साबुत साभ सारा से सो संग ही हुआ हुई हुए है हैं हो होता होती होते होना होने".split(" ")),e.hi.stemmer=function(){return function(e){return"function"==typeof e.update?e.update(function(e){return e}):e}}();var r=e.wordcut;r.init(),e.hi.tokenizer=function(i){if(!arguments.length||null==i||void 0==i)return[];if(Array.isArray(i))return i.map(function(r){return isLunr2?new e.Token(r.toLowerCase()):r.toLowerCase()});var t=i.toString().toLowerCase().replace(/^\s+/,"");return r.cut(t).split("|")},e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.hi.stemmer,"stemmer-hi"),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.hi.stopWordFilter,"stopWordFilter-hi")}});

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!function(e,r){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(r):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=r():r()(e.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(e){if(void 0===e)throw new Error("Lunr is not present. Please include / require Lunr before this script.");if(void 0===e.stemmerSupport)throw new Error("Lunr stemmer support is not present. Please include / require Lunr stemmer support before this script.");e.hy=function(){this.pipeline.reset(),this.pipeline.add(e.hy.trimmer,e.hy.stopWordFilter)},e.hy.wordCharacters="[A-Za-z԰-֏ff-ﭏ]",e.hy.trimmer=e.trimmerSupport.generateTrimmer(e.hy.wordCharacters),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.hy.trimmer,"trimmer-hy"),e.hy.stopWordFilter=e.generateStopWordFilter("դու և եք էիր էիք հետո նաև նրանք որը վրա է որ պիտի են այս մեջ ն իր ու ի այդ որոնք այն կամ էր մի ես համար այլ իսկ էին ենք հետ ին թ էինք մենք նրա նա դուք եմ էի ըստ որպես ում".split(" ")),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.hy.stopWordFilter,"stopWordFilter-hy"),e.hy.stemmer=function(){return function(e){return"function"==typeof e.update?e.update(function(e){return e}):e}}(),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.hy.stemmer,"stemmer-hy")}});

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!function(e,r){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(r):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=r():r()(e.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(e){if(void 0===e)throw new Error("Lunr is not present. Please include / require Lunr before this script.");if(void 0===e.stemmerSupport)throw new Error("Lunr stemmer support is not present. Please include / require Lunr stemmer support before this script.");var r="2"==e.version[0];e.ja=function(){this.pipeline.reset(),this.pipeline.add(e.ja.trimmer,e.ja.stopWordFilter,e.ja.stemmer),r?this.tokenizer=e.ja.tokenizer:(e.tokenizer&&(e.tokenizer=e.ja.tokenizer),this.tokenizerFn&&(this.tokenizerFn=e.ja.tokenizer))};var t=new e.TinySegmenter;e.ja.tokenizer=function(i){var n,o,s,p,a,u,m,l,c,f;if(!arguments.length||null==i||void 0==i)return[];if(Array.isArray(i))return i.map(function(t){return r?new e.Token(t.toLowerCase()):t.toLowerCase()});for(o=i.toString().toLowerCase().replace(/^\s+/,""),n=o.length-1;n>=0;n--)if(/\S/.test(o.charAt(n))){o=o.substring(0,n+1);break}for(a=[],s=o.length,c=0,l=0;c<=s;c++)if(u=o.charAt(c),m=c-l,u.match(/\s/)||c==s){if(m>0)for(p=t.segment(o.slice(l,c)).filter(function(e){return!!e}),f=l,n=0;n<p.length;n++)r?a.push(new e.Token(p[n],{position:[f,p[n].length],index:a.length})):a.push(p[n]),f+=p[n].length;l=c+1}return a},e.ja.stemmer=function(){return function(e){return e}}(),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.ja.stemmer,"stemmer-ja"),e.ja.wordCharacters="一二三四五六七八九十百千万億兆一-龠々〆ヵヶぁ-んァ-ヴーア-ン゙a-zA-Z--0-9-",e.ja.trimmer=e.trimmerSupport.generateTrimmer(e.ja.wordCharacters),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.ja.trimmer,"trimmer-ja"),e.ja.stopWordFilter=e.generateStopWordFilter("これ それ あれ この その あの ここ そこ あそこ こちら どこ だれ なに なん 何 私 貴方 貴方方 我々 私達 あの人 あのかた 彼女 彼 です あります おります います は が の に を で え から まで より も どの と し それで しかし".split(" ")),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.ja.stopWordFilter,"stopWordFilter-ja"),e.jp=e.ja,e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.jp.stemmer,"stemmer-jp"),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.jp.trimmer,"trimmer-jp"),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.jp.stopWordFilter,"stopWordFilter-jp")}});

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module.exports=require("./lunr.ja");

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!function(e,r){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(r):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=r():r()(e.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(e){if(void 0===e)throw new Error("Lunr is not present. Please include / require Lunr before this script.");if(void 0===e.stemmerSupport)throw new Error("Lunr stemmer support is not present. Please include / require Lunr stemmer support before this script.");e.kn=function(){this.pipeline.reset(),this.pipeline.add(e.kn.trimmer,e.kn.stopWordFilter,e.kn.stemmer),this.searchPipeline&&(this.searchPipeline.reset(),this.searchPipeline.add(e.kn.stemmer))},e.kn.wordCharacters="ಀ-಄ಅ-ಔಕ-ಹಾ-ೌ಼-ಽೕ-ೖೝ-ೞೠ-ೡೢ-ೣ೤೥೦-೯ೱ-ೳ",e.kn.trimmer=e.trimmerSupport.generateTrimmer(e.kn.wordCharacters),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.kn.trimmer,"trimmer-kn"),e.kn.stopWordFilter=e.generateStopWordFilter("ಮತ್ತು ಈ ಒಂದು ರಲ್ಲಿ ಹಾಗೂ ಎಂದು ಅಥವಾ ಇದು ರ ಅವರು ಎಂಬ ಮೇಲೆ ಅವರ ತನ್ನ ಆದರೆ ತಮ್ಮ ನಂತರ ಮೂಲಕ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ನ ಆ ಕೆಲವು ಅನೇಕ ಎರಡು ಹಾಗು ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಇದನ್ನು ಇದರ ಸುಮಾರು ಅದರ ಅದು ಮೊದಲ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ನಲ್ಲಿ ರಂದು ಇತರ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಸಹ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ನೇ ಹಲವಾರು ಹೊಸ ದಿ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಯಾವುದೇ ಹೊಂದಿದೆ ದೊಡ್ಡ ಅನ್ನು ಇವರು ಪ್ರಕಾರ ಇದೆ ಮಾತ್ರ ಕೂಡ ಇಲ್ಲಿ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ವಿವಿಧ ಅದನ್ನು ಹಲವು ರಿಂದ ಕೇವಲ ದ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಗೆ ಅವನ ಅತಿ ನೆಯ ಬಹಳ ಕೆಲಸ ಎಲ್ಲ ಪ್ರತಿ ಇತ್ಯಾದಿ ಇವು ಬೇರೆ ಹೀಗೆ ನಡುವೆ ಇದಕ್ಕೆ ಎಸ್ ಇವರ ಮೊದಲು ಶ್ರೀ ಮಾಡುವ ಇದರಲ್ಲಿ ರೀತಿಯ ಮಾಡಿದ ಕಾಲ ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಮಾಡಲು ಅದೇ ಈಗ ಅವು ಗಳು ಎ ಎಂಬುದು ಅವನು ಅಂದರೆ ಅವರಿಗೆ ಇರುವ ವಿಶೇಷ ಮುಂದೆ ಅವುಗಳ ಮುಂತಾದ ಮೂಲ ಬಿ ಮೀ ಒಂದೇ ಇನ್ನೂ ಹೆಚ್ಚಾಗಿ ಮಾಡಿ ಅವರನ್ನು ಇದೇ ಯ ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಜೊತೆ ಅದರಲ್ಲಿ ಮಾಡಿದರು ನಡೆದ ಆಗ ಮತ್ತೆ ಪೂರ್ವ ಆತ ಬಂದ ಯಾವ ಒಟ್ಟು ಇತರೆ ಹಿಂದೆ ಪ್ರಮಾಣದ ಗಳನ್ನು ಕುರಿತು ಯು ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಅಲ್ಲದೆ ನಗರದ ಮೇಲಿನ ಏಕೆಂದರೆ ರಷ್ಟು ಎಂಬುದನ್ನು ಬಾರಿ ಎಂದರೆ ಹಿಂದಿನ ಆದರೂ ಆದ ಸಂಬಂಧಿಸಿದ ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ಸಿ ಆತನ ".split(" ")),e.kn.stemmer=function(){return function(e){return"function"==typeof e.update?e.update(function(e){return e}):e}}();var r=e.wordcut;r.init(),e.kn.tokenizer=function(t){if(!arguments.length||null==t||void 0==t)return[];if(Array.isArray(t))return t.map(function(r){return isLunr2?new e.Token(r.toLowerCase()):r.toLowerCase()});var n=t.toString().toLowerCase().replace(/^\s+/,"");return r.cut(n).split("|")},e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.kn.stemmer,"stemmer-kn"),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.kn.stopWordFilter,"stopWordFilter-kn")}});

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!function(e,t){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(t):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=t():t()(e.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(e){e.multiLanguage=function(){for(var t=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments),i=t.join("-"),r="",n=[],s=[],p=0;p<t.length;++p)"en"==t[p]?(r+="\\w",n.unshift(e.stopWordFilter),n.push(e.stemmer),s.push(e.stemmer)):(r+=e[t[p]].wordCharacters,e[t[p]].stopWordFilter&&n.unshift(e[t[p]].stopWordFilter),e[t[p]].stemmer&&(n.push(e[t[p]].stemmer),s.push(e[t[p]].stemmer)));var o=e.trimmerSupport.generateTrimmer(r);return e.Pipeline.registerFunction(o,"lunr-multi-trimmer-"+i),n.unshift(o),function(){this.pipeline.reset(),this.pipeline.add.apply(this.pipeline,n),this.searchPipeline&&(this.searchPipeline.reset(),this.searchPipeline.add.apply(this.searchPipeline,s))}}}});

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/*!
* Lunr languages, `Norwegian` language
* https://github.com/MihaiValentin/lunr-languages
*
* Copyright 2014, Mihai Valentin
* http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*/
/*!
* based on
* Snowball JavaScript Library v0.3
* http://code.google.com/p/urim/
* http://snowball.tartarus.org/
*
* Copyright 2010, Oleg Mazko
* http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*/
!function(e,r){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(r):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=r():r()(e.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(e){if(void 0===e)throw new Error("Lunr is not present. Please include / require Lunr before this script.");if(void 0===e.stemmerSupport)throw new Error("Lunr stemmer support is not present. Please include / require Lunr stemmer support before this script.");e.no=function(){this.pipeline.reset(),this.pipeline.add(e.no.trimmer,e.no.stopWordFilter,e.no.stemmer),this.searchPipeline&&(this.searchPipeline.reset(),this.searchPipeline.add(e.no.stemmer))},e.no.wordCharacters="A-Za-zªºÀ-ÖØ-öø-ʸˠ-ˤᴀ-ᴥᴬ-ᵜᵢ-ᵥᵫ-ᵷᵹ-ᶾḀ-ỿⁱⁿₐ-ₜKÅℲⅎⅠ-ↈⱠ-ⱿꜢ-ꞇꞋ-ꞭꞰ-ꞷꟷ-ꟿꬰ-ꭚꭜ-ꭤff-stA--",e.no.trimmer=e.trimmerSupport.generateTrimmer(e.no.wordCharacters),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.no.trimmer,"trimmer-no"),e.no.stemmer=function(){var r=e.stemmerSupport.Among,n=e.stemmerSupport.SnowballProgram,i=new function(){function e(){var e,r=w.cursor+3;if(a=w.limit,0<=r||r<=w.limit){for(s=r;;){if(e=w.cursor,w.in_grouping(d,97,248)){w.cursor=e;break}if(e>=w.limit)return;w.cursor=e+1}for(;!w.out_grouping(d,97,248);){if(w.cursor>=w.limit)return;w.cursor++}a=w.cursor,a<s&&(a=s)}}function i(){var e,r,n;if(w.cursor>=a&&(r=w.limit_backward,w.limit_backward=a,w.ket=w.cursor,e=w.find_among_b(m,29),w.limit_backward=r,e))switch(w.bra=w.cursor,e){case 1:w.slice_del();break;case 2:n=w.limit-w.cursor,w.in_grouping_b(c,98,122)?w.slice_del():(w.cursor=w.limit-n,w.eq_s_b(1,"k")&&w.out_grouping_b(d,97,248)&&w.slice_del());break;case 3:w.slice_from("er")}}function t(){var e,r=w.limit-w.cursor;w.cursor>=a&&(e=w.limit_backward,w.limit_backward=a,w.ket=w.cursor,w.find_among_b(u,2)?(w.bra=w.cursor,w.limit_backward=e,w.cursor=w.limit-r,w.cursor>w.limit_backward&&(w.cursor--,w.bra=w.cursor,w.slice_del())):w.limit_backward=e)}function o(){var e,r;w.cursor>=a&&(r=w.limit_backward,w.limit_backward=a,w.ket=w.cursor,e=w.find_among_b(l,11),e?(w.bra=w.cursor,w.limit_backward=r,1==e&&w.slice_del()):w.limit_backward=r)}var s,a,m=[new r("a",-1,1),new r("e",-1,1),new r("ede",1,1),new r("ande",1,1),new r("ende",1,1),new r("ane",1,1),new r("ene",1,1),new r("hetene",6,1),new r("erte",1,3),new r("en",-1,1),new r("heten",9,1),new r("ar",-1,1),new r("er",-1,1),new r("heter",12,1),new r("s",-1,2),new r("as",14,1),new r("es",14,1),new r("edes",16,1),new r("endes",16,1),new r("enes",16,1),new r("hetenes",19,1),new r("ens",14,1),new r("hetens",21,1),new r("ers",14,1),new r("ets",14,1),new r("et",-1,1),new r("het",25,1),new r("ert",-1,3),new r("ast",-1,1)],u=[new r("dt",-1,-1),new r("vt",-1,-1)],l=[new r("leg",-1,1),new r("eleg",0,1),new r("ig",-1,1),new r("eig",2,1),new r("lig",2,1),new r("elig",4,1),new r("els",-1,1),new r("lov",-1,1),new r("elov",7,1),new r("slov",7,1),new r("hetslov",9,1)],d=[17,65,16,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,48,0,128],c=[119,125,149,1],w=new n;this.setCurrent=function(e){w.setCurrent(e)},this.getCurrent=function(){return w.getCurrent()},this.stem=function(){var r=w.cursor;return e(),w.limit_backward=r,w.cursor=w.limit,i(),w.cursor=w.limit,t(),w.cursor=w.limit,o(),!0}};return function(e){return"function"==typeof e.update?e.update(function(e){return i.setCurrent(e),i.stem(),i.getCurrent()}):(i.setCurrent(e),i.stem(),i.getCurrent())}}(),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.no.stemmer,"stemmer-no"),e.no.stopWordFilter=e.generateStopWordFilter("alle at av bare begge ble blei bli blir blitt både båe da de deg dei deim deira deires dem den denne der dere deres det dette di din disse ditt du dykk dykkar då eg ein eit eitt eller elles en enn er et ett etter for fordi fra før ha hadde han hans har hennar henne hennes her hjå ho hoe honom hoss hossen hun hva hvem hver hvilke hvilken hvis hvor hvordan hvorfor i ikke ikkje ikkje ingen ingi inkje inn inni ja jeg kan kom korleis korso kun kunne kva kvar kvarhelst kven kvi kvifor man mange me med medan meg meget mellom men mi min mine mitt mot mykje ned no noe noen noka noko nokon nokor nokre nå når og også om opp oss over på samme seg selv si si sia sidan siden sin sine sitt sjøl skal skulle slik so som som somme somt så sånn til um upp ut uten var vart varte ved vere verte vi vil ville vore vors vort vår være være vært å".split(" ")),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.no.stopWordFilter,"stopWordFilter-no")}});

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!function(e,r){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(r):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=r():r()(e.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(e){if(void 0===e)throw new Error("Lunr is not present. Please include / require Lunr before this script.");if(void 0===e.stemmerSupport)throw new Error("Lunr stemmer support is not present. Please include / require Lunr stemmer support before this script.");e.sa=function(){this.pipeline.reset(),this.pipeline.add(e.sa.trimmer,e.sa.stopWordFilter,e.sa.stemmer),this.searchPipeline&&(this.searchPipeline.reset(),this.searchPipeline.add(e.sa.stemmer))},e.sa.wordCharacters="ऀ-ःऄ-एऐ-टठ-यर-िी-ॏॐ-य़ॠ-९॰-ॿ꣠-꣱ꣲ-ꣷ꣸-ꣻ꣼-ꣽꣾ-ꣿᆰ0-ᆰ9",e.sa.trimmer=e.trimmerSupport.generateTrimmer(e.sa.wordCharacters),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.sa.trimmer,"trimmer-sa"),e.sa.stopWordFilter=e.generateStopWordFilter('तथा अयम्‌ एकम्‌ इत्यस्मिन्‌ तथा तत्‌ वा अयम्‌ इत्यस्य ते आहूत उपरि तेषाम्‌ किन्तु तेषाम्‌ तदा इत्यनेन अधिकः इत्यस्य तत्‌ केचन बहवः द्वि तथा महत्वपूर्णः अयम्‌ अस्य विषये अयं अस्ति तत्‌ प्रथमः विषये इत्युपरि इत्युपरि इतर अधिकतमः अधिकः अपि सामान्यतया ठ इतरेतर नूतनम्‌ द न्यूनम्‌ कश्चित्‌ वा विशालः द सः अस्ति तदनुसारम् तत्र अस्ति केवलम्‌ अपि अत्र सर्वे विविधाः तत्‌ बहवः यतः इदानीम्‌ द दक्षिण इत्यस्मै तस्य उपरि नथ अतीव कार्यम्‌ सर्वे एकैकम्‌ इत्यादि। एते सन्ति उत इत्थम्‌ मध्ये एतदर्थं . स कस्य प्रथमः श्री. करोति अस्मिन् प्रकारः निर्मिता कालः तत्र कर्तुं समान अधुना ते सन्ति स एकः अस्ति सः अर्थात् तेषां कृते . स्थितम् विशेषः अग्रिम तेषाम्‌ समान स्रोतः ख म समान इदानीमपि अधिकतया करोतु ते समान इत्यस्य वीथी सह यस्मिन् कृतवान्‌ धृतः तदा पुनः पूर्वं सः आगतः किम्‌ कुल इतर पुरा मात्रा स विषये उ अतएव अपि नगरस्य उपरि यतः प्रतिशतं कतरः कालः साधनानि भूत तथापि जात सम्बन्धि अन्यत्‌ ग अतः अस्माकं स्वकीयाः अस्माकं इदानीं अन्तः इत्यादयः भवन्तः इत्यादयः एते एताः तस्य अस्य इदम् एते तेषां तेषां तेषां तान् तेषां तेषां तेषां समानः सः एकः च तादृशाः बहवः अन्ये च वदन्ति यत् कियत् कस्मै कस्मै यस्मै यस्मै यस्मै यस्मै न अतिनीचः किन्तु प्रथमं सम्पूर्णतया ततः चिरकालानन्तरं पुस्तकं सम्पूर्णतया अन्तः किन्तु अत्र वा इह इव श्रद्धाय अवशिष्यते परन्तु अन्ये वर्गाः सन्ति ते सन्ति शक्नुवन्ति सर्वे मिलित्वा सर्वे एकत्र"'.split(" ")),e.sa.stemmer=function(){return function(e){return"function"==typeof e.update?e.update(function(e){return e}):e}}();var r=e.wordcut;r.init(),e.sa.tokenizer=function(t){if(!arguments.length||null==t||void 0==t)return[];if(Array.isArray(t))return t.map(function(r){return isLunr2?new e.Token(r.toLowerCase()):r.toLowerCase()});var i=t.toString().toLowerCase().replace(/^\s+/,"");return r.cut(i).split("|")},e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.sa.stemmer,"stemmer-sa"),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.sa.stopWordFilter,"stopWordFilter-sa")}});

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!function(r,t){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(t):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=t():t()(r.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(r){r.stemmerSupport={Among:function(r,t,i,s){if(this.toCharArray=function(r){for(var t=r.length,i=new Array(t),s=0;s<t;s++)i[s]=r.charCodeAt(s);return i},!r&&""!=r||!t&&0!=t||!i)throw"Bad Among initialisation: s:"+r+", substring_i: "+t+", result: "+i;this.s_size=r.length,this.s=this.toCharArray(r),this.substring_i=t,this.result=i,this.method=s},SnowballProgram:function(){var r;return{bra:0,ket:0,limit:0,cursor:0,limit_backward:0,setCurrent:function(t){r=t,this.cursor=0,this.limit=t.length,this.limit_backward=0,this.bra=this.cursor,this.ket=this.limit},getCurrent:function(){var t=r;return r=null,t},in_grouping:function(t,i,s){if(this.cursor<this.limit){var e=r.charCodeAt(this.cursor);if(e<=s&&e>=i&&(e-=i,t[e>>3]&1<<(7&e)))return this.cursor++,!0}return!1},in_grouping_b:function(t,i,s){if(this.cursor>this.limit_backward){var e=r.charCodeAt(this.cursor-1);if(e<=s&&e>=i&&(e-=i,t[e>>3]&1<<(7&e)))return this.cursor--,!0}return!1},out_grouping:function(t,i,s){if(this.cursor<this.limit){var e=r.charCodeAt(this.cursor);if(e>s||e<i)return this.cursor++,!0;if(e-=i,!(t[e>>3]&1<<(7&e)))return this.cursor++,!0}return!1},out_grouping_b:function(t,i,s){if(this.cursor>this.limit_backward){var e=r.charCodeAt(this.cursor-1);if(e>s||e<i)return this.cursor--,!0;if(e-=i,!(t[e>>3]&1<<(7&e)))return this.cursor--,!0}return!1},eq_s:function(t,i){if(this.limit-this.cursor<t)return!1;for(var s=0;s<t;s++)if(r.charCodeAt(this.cursor+s)!=i.charCodeAt(s))return!1;return this.cursor+=t,!0},eq_s_b:function(t,i){if(this.cursor-this.limit_backward<t)return!1;for(var s=0;s<t;s++)if(r.charCodeAt(this.cursor-t+s)!=i.charCodeAt(s))return!1;return this.cursor-=t,!0},find_among:function(t,i){for(var s=0,e=i,n=this.cursor,u=this.limit,o=0,h=0,c=!1;;){for(var a=s+(e-s>>1),f=0,l=o<h?o:h,_=t[a],m=l;m<_.s_size;m++){if(n+l==u){f=-1;break}if(f=r.charCodeAt(n+l)-_.s[m])break;l++}if(f<0?(e=a,h=l):(s=a,o=l),e-s<=1){if(s>0||e==s||c)break;c=!0}}for(;;){var _=t[s];if(o>=_.s_size){if(this.cursor=n+_.s_size,!_.method)return _.result;var b=_.method();if(this.cursor=n+_.s_size,b)return _.result}if((s=_.substring_i)<0)return 0}},find_among_b:function(t,i){for(var s=0,e=i,n=this.cursor,u=this.limit_backward,o=0,h=0,c=!1;;){for(var a=s+(e-s>>1),f=0,l=o<h?o:h,_=t[a],m=_.s_size-1-l;m>=0;m--){if(n-l==u){f=-1;break}if(f=r.charCodeAt(n-1-l)-_.s[m])break;l++}if(f<0?(e=a,h=l):(s=a,o=l),e-s<=1){if(s>0||e==s||c)break;c=!0}}for(;;){var _=t[s];if(o>=_.s_size){if(this.cursor=n-_.s_size,!_.method)return _.result;var b=_.method();if(this.cursor=n-_.s_size,b)return _.result}if((s=_.substring_i)<0)return 0}},replace_s:function(t,i,s){var e=s.length-(i-t),n=r.substring(0,t),u=r.substring(i);return r=n+s+u,this.limit+=e,this.cursor>=i?this.cursor+=e:this.cursor>t&&(this.cursor=t),e},slice_check:function(){if(this.bra<0||this.bra>this.ket||this.ket>this.limit||this.limit>r.length)throw"faulty slice operation"},slice_from:function(r){this.slice_check(),this.replace_s(this.bra,this.ket,r)},slice_del:function(){this.slice_from("")},insert:function(r,t,i){var s=this.replace_s(r,t,i);r<=this.bra&&(this.bra+=s),r<=this.ket&&(this.ket+=s)},slice_to:function(){return this.slice_check(),r.substring(this.bra,this.ket)},eq_v_b:function(r){return this.eq_s_b(r.length,r)}}}},r.trimmerSupport={generateTrimmer:function(r){var t=new RegExp("^[^"+r+"]+"),i=new RegExp("[^"+r+"]+$");return function(r){return"function"==typeof r.update?r.update(function(r){return r.replace(t,"").replace(i,"")}):r.replace(t,"").replace(i,"")}}}}});

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/*!
* Lunr languages, `Swedish` language
* https://github.com/MihaiValentin/lunr-languages
*
* Copyright 2014, Mihai Valentin
* http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*/
/*!
* based on
* Snowball JavaScript Library v0.3
* http://code.google.com/p/urim/
* http://snowball.tartarus.org/
*
* Copyright 2010, Oleg Mazko
* http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/
*/
!function(e,r){"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(r):"object"==typeof exports?module.exports=r():r()(e.lunr)}(this,function(){return function(e){if(void 0===e)throw new Error("Lunr is not present. Please include / require Lunr before this script.");if(void 0===e.stemmerSupport)throw new Error("Lunr stemmer support is not present. Please include / require Lunr stemmer support before this script.");e.sv=function(){this.pipeline.reset(),this.pipeline.add(e.sv.trimmer,e.sv.stopWordFilter,e.sv.stemmer),this.searchPipeline&&(this.searchPipeline.reset(),this.searchPipeline.add(e.sv.stemmer))},e.sv.wordCharacters="A-Za-zªºÀ-ÖØ-öø-ʸˠ-ˤᴀ-ᴥᴬ-ᵜᵢ-ᵥᵫ-ᵷᵹ-ᶾḀ-ỿⁱⁿₐ-ₜKÅℲⅎⅠ-ↈⱠ-ⱿꜢ-ꞇꞋ-ꞭꞰ-ꞷꟷ-ꟿꬰ-ꭚꭜ-ꭤff-stA--",e.sv.trimmer=e.trimmerSupport.generateTrimmer(e.sv.wordCharacters),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.sv.trimmer,"trimmer-sv"),e.sv.stemmer=function(){var r=e.stemmerSupport.Among,n=e.stemmerSupport.SnowballProgram,t=new function(){function e(){var e,r=w.cursor+3;if(o=w.limit,0<=r||r<=w.limit){for(a=r;;){if(e=w.cursor,w.in_grouping(l,97,246)){w.cursor=e;break}if(w.cursor=e,w.cursor>=w.limit)return;w.cursor++}for(;!w.out_grouping(l,97,246);){if(w.cursor>=w.limit)return;w.cursor++}o=w.cursor,o<a&&(o=a)}}function t(){var e,r=w.limit_backward;if(w.cursor>=o&&(w.limit_backward=o,w.cursor=w.limit,w.ket=w.cursor,e=w.find_among_b(u,37),w.limit_backward=r,e))switch(w.bra=w.cursor,e){case 1:w.slice_del();break;case 2:w.in_grouping_b(d,98,121)&&w.slice_del()}}function i(){var e=w.limit_backward;w.cursor>=o&&(w.limit_backward=o,w.cursor=w.limit,w.find_among_b(c,7)&&(w.cursor=w.limit,w.ket=w.cursor,w.cursor>w.limit_backward&&(w.bra=--w.cursor,w.slice_del())),w.limit_backward=e)}function s(){var e,r;if(w.cursor>=o){if(r=w.limit_backward,w.limit_backward=o,w.cursor=w.limit,w.ket=w.cursor,e=w.find_among_b(m,5))switch(w.bra=w.cursor,e){case 1:w.slice_del();break;case 2:w.slice_from("lös");break;case 3:w.slice_from("full")}w.limit_backward=r}}var a,o,u=[new r("a",-1,1),new r("arna",0,1),new r("erna",0,1),new r("heterna",2,1),new r("orna",0,1),new r("ad",-1,1),new r("e",-1,1),new r("ade",6,1),new r("ande",6,1),new r("arne",6,1),new r("are",6,1),new r("aste",6,1),new r("en",-1,1),new r("anden",12,1),new r("aren",12,1),new r("heten",12,1),new r("ern",-1,1),new r("ar",-1,1),new r("er",-1,1),new r("heter",18,1),new r("or",-1,1),new r("s",-1,2),new r("as",21,1),new r("arnas",22,1),new r("ernas",22,1),new r("ornas",22,1),new r("es",21,1),new r("ades",26,1),new r("andes",26,1),new r("ens",21,1),new r("arens",29,1),new r("hetens",29,1),new r("erns",21,1),new r("at",-1,1),new r("andet",-1,1),new r("het",-1,1),new r("ast",-1,1)],c=[new r("dd",-1,-1),new r("gd",-1,-1),new r("nn",-1,-1),new r("dt",-1,-1),new r("gt",-1,-1),new r("kt",-1,-1),new r("tt",-1,-1)],m=[new r("ig",-1,1),new r("lig",0,1),new r("els",-1,1),new r("fullt",-1,3),new r("löst",-1,2)],l=[17,65,16,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,24,0,32],d=[119,127,149],w=new n;this.setCurrent=function(e){w.setCurrent(e)},this.getCurrent=function(){return w.getCurrent()},this.stem=function(){var r=w.cursor;return e(),w.limit_backward=r,w.cursor=w.limit,t(),w.cursor=w.limit,i(),w.cursor=w.limit,s(),!0}};return function(e){return"function"==typeof e.update?e.update(function(e){return t.setCurrent(e),t.stem(),t.getCurrent()}):(t.setCurrent(e),t.stem(),t.getCurrent())}}(),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.sv.stemmer,"stemmer-sv"),e.sv.stopWordFilter=e.generateStopWordFilter("alla allt att av blev bli blir blivit de dem den denna deras dess dessa det detta dig din dina ditt du där då efter ej eller en er era ert ett från för ha hade han hans har henne hennes hon honom hur här i icke ingen inom inte jag ju kan kunde man med mellan men mig min mina mitt mot mycket ni nu när någon något några och om oss på samma sedan sig sin sina sitta själv skulle som så sådan sådana sådant till under upp ut utan vad var vara varför varit varje vars vart vem vi vid vilka vilkas vilken vilket vår våra vårt än är åt över".split(" ")),e.Pipeline.registerFunction(e.sv.stopWordFilter,"stopWordFilter-sv")}});

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/**
* export the module via AMD, CommonJS or as a browser global
* Export code from https://github.com/umdjs/umd/blob/master/returnExports.js
*/
;(function (root, factory) {
if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
// AMD. Register as an anonymous module.
define(factory)
} else if (typeof exports === 'object') {
/**
* Node. Does not work with strict CommonJS, but
* only CommonJS-like environments that support module.exports,
* like Node.
*/
module.exports = factory()
} else {
// Browser globals (root is window)
factory()(root.lunr);
}
}(this, function () {
/**
* Just return a value to define the module export.
* This example returns an object, but the module
* can return a function as the exported value.
*/
return function(lunr) {
// TinySegmenter 0.1 -- Super compact Japanese tokenizer in Javascript
// (c) 2008 Taku Kudo <taku@chasen.org>
// TinySegmenter is freely distributable under the terms of a new BSD licence.
// For details, see http://chasen.org/~taku/software/TinySegmenter/LICENCE.txt
function TinySegmenter() {
var patterns = {
"[一二三四五六七八九十百千万億兆]":"M",
"[一-龠々〆ヵヶ]":"H",
"[ぁ-ん]":"I",
"[ァ-ヴーア-ン゙ー]":"K",
"[a-zA-Z--]":"A",
"[0-9-]":"N"
}
this.chartype_ = [];
for (var i in patterns) {
var regexp = new RegExp(i);
this.chartype_.push([regexp, patterns[i]]);
}
this.BIAS__ = -332
this.BC1__ = {"HH":6,"II":2461,"KH":406,"OH":-1378};
this.BC2__ = {"AA":-3267,"AI":2744,"AN":-878,"HH":-4070,"HM":-1711,"HN":4012,"HO":3761,"IA":1327,"IH":-1184,"II":-1332,"IK":1721,"IO":5492,"KI":3831,"KK":-8741,"MH":-3132,"MK":3334,"OO":-2920};
this.BC3__ = {"HH":996,"HI":626,"HK":-721,"HN":-1307,"HO":-836,"IH":-301,"KK":2762,"MK":1079,"MM":4034,"OA":-1652,"OH":266};
this.BP1__ = {"BB":295,"OB":304,"OO":-125,"UB":352};
this.BP2__ = {"BO":60,"OO":-1762};
this.BQ1__ = {"BHH":1150,"BHM":1521,"BII":-1158,"BIM":886,"BMH":1208,"BNH":449,"BOH":-91,"BOO":-2597,"OHI":451,"OIH":-296,"OKA":1851,"OKH":-1020,"OKK":904,"OOO":2965};
this.BQ2__ = {"BHH":118,"BHI":-1159,"BHM":466,"BIH":-919,"BKK":-1720,"BKO":864,"OHH":-1139,"OHM":-181,"OIH":153,"UHI":-1146};
this.BQ3__ = {"BHH":-792,"BHI":2664,"BII":-299,"BKI":419,"BMH":937,"BMM":8335,"BNN":998,"BOH":775,"OHH":2174,"OHM":439,"OII":280,"OKH":1798,"OKI":-793,"OKO":-2242,"OMH":-2402,"OOO":11699};
this.BQ4__ = {"BHH":-3895,"BIH":3761,"BII":-4654,"BIK":1348,"BKK":-1806,"BMI":-3385,"BOO":-12396,"OAH":926,"OHH":266,"OHK":-2036,"ONN":-973};
this.BW1__ = {",と":660,",同":727,"B1あ":1404,"B1同":542,"、と":660,"、同":727,"」と":1682,"あっ":1505,"いう":1743,"いっ":-2055,"いる":672,"うし":-4817,"うん":665,"から":3472,"がら":600,"こう":-790,"こと":2083,"こん":-1262,"さら":-4143,"さん":4573,"した":2641,"して":1104,"すで":-3399,"そこ":1977,"それ":-871,"たち":1122,"ため":601,"った":3463,"つい":-802,"てい":805,"てき":1249,"でき":1127,"です":3445,"では":844,"とい":-4915,"とみ":1922,"どこ":3887,"ない":5713,"なっ":3015,"など":7379,"なん":-1113,"にし":2468,"には":1498,"にも":1671,"に対":-912,"の一":-501,"の中":741,"ませ":2448,"まで":1711,"まま":2600,"まる":-2155,"やむ":-1947,"よっ":-2565,"れた":2369,"れで":-913,"をし":1860,"を見":731,"亡く":-1886,"京都":2558,"取り":-2784,"大き":-2604,"大阪":1497,"平方":-2314,"引き":-1336,"日本":-195,"本当":-2423,"毎日":-2113,"目指":-724,"B1あ":1404,"B1同":542,"」と":1682};
this.BW2__ = {"..":-11822,"11":-669,"――":-5730,"":-13175,"いう":-1609,"うか":2490,"かし":-1350,"かも":-602,"から":-7194,"かれ":4612,"がい":853,"がら":-3198,"きた":1941,"くな":-1597,"こと":-8392,"この":-4193,"させ":4533,"され":13168,"さん":-3977,"しい":-1819,"しか":-545,"した":5078,"して":972,"しな":939,"その":-3744,"たい":-1253,"たた":-662,"ただ":-3857,"たち":-786,"たと":1224,"たは":-939,"った":4589,"って":1647,"っと":-2094,"てい":6144,"てき":3640,"てく":2551,"ては":-3110,"ても":-3065,"でい":2666,"でき":-1528,"でし":-3828,"です":-4761,"でも":-4203,"とい":1890,"とこ":-1746,"とと":-2279,"との":720,"とみ":5168,"とも":-3941,"ない":-2488,"なが":-1313,"など":-6509,"なの":2614,"なん":3099,"にお":-1615,"にし":2748,"にな":2454,"によ":-7236,"に対":-14943,"に従":-4688,"に関":-11388,"のか":2093,"ので":-7059,"のに":-6041,"のの":-6125,"はい":1073,"はが":-1033,"はず":-2532,"ばれ":1813,"まし":-1316,"まで":-6621,"まれ":5409,"めて":-3153,"もい":2230,"もの":-10713,"らか":-944,"らし":-1611,"らに":-1897,"りし":651,"りま":1620,"れた":4270,"れて":849,"れば":4114,"ろう":6067,"われ":7901,"を通":-11877,"んだ":728,"んな":-4115,"一人":602,"一方":-1375,"一日":970,"一部":-1051,"上が":-4479,"会社":-1116,"出て":2163,"分の":-7758,"同党":970,"同日":-913,"大阪":-2471,"委員":-1250,"少な":-1050,"年度":-8669,"年間":-1626,"府県":-2363,"手権":-1982,"新聞":-4066,"日新":-722,"日本":-7068,"日米":3372,"曜日":-601,"朝鮮":-2355,"本人":-2697,"東京":-1543,"然と":-1384,"社会":-1276,"立て":-990,"第に":-1612,"米国":-4268,"":-669};
this.BW3__ = {"あた":-2194,"あり":719,"ある":3846,"い.":-1185,"い。":-1185,"いい":5308,"いえ":2079,"いく":3029,"いた":2056,"いっ":1883,"いる":5600,"いわ":1527,"うち":1117,"うと":4798,"えと":1454,"か.":2857,"か。":2857,"かけ":-743,"かっ":-4098,"かに":-669,"から":6520,"かり":-2670,"が,":1816,"が、":1816,"がき":-4855,"がけ":-1127,"がっ":-913,"がら":-4977,"がり":-2064,"きた":1645,"けど":1374,"こと":7397,"この":1542,"ころ":-2757,"さい":-714,"さを":976,"し,":1557,"し、":1557,"しい":-3714,"した":3562,"して":1449,"しな":2608,"しま":1200,"す.":-1310,"す。":-1310,"する":6521,"ず,":3426,"ず、":3426,"ずに":841,"そう":428,"た.":8875,"た。":8875,"たい":-594,"たの":812,"たり":-1183,"たる":-853,"だ.":4098,"だ。":4098,"だっ":1004,"った":-4748,"って":300,"てい":6240,"てお":855,"ても":302,"です":1437,"でに":-1482,"では":2295,"とう":-1387,"とし":2266,"との":541,"とも":-3543,"どう":4664,"ない":1796,"なく":-903,"など":2135,"に,":-1021,"に、":-1021,"にし":1771,"にな":1906,"には":2644,"の,":-724,"の、":-724,"の子":-1000,"は,":1337,"は、":1337,"べき":2181,"まし":1113,"ます":6943,"まっ":-1549,"まで":6154,"まれ":-793,"らし":1479,"られ":6820,"るる":3818,"れ,":854,"れ、":854,"れた":1850,"れて":1375,"れば":-3246,"れる":1091,"われ":-605,"んだ":606,"んで":798,"カ月":990,"会議":860,"入り":1232,"大会":2217,"始め":1681,"市":965,"新聞":-5055,"日,":974,"日、":974,"社会":2024,"カ月":990};
this.TC1__ = {"AAA":1093,"HHH":1029,"HHM":580,"HII":998,"HOH":-390,"HOM":-331,"IHI":1169,"IOH":-142,"IOI":-1015,"IOM":467,"MMH":187,"OOI":-1832};
this.TC2__ = {"HHO":2088,"HII":-1023,"HMM":-1154,"IHI":-1965,"KKH":703,"OII":-2649};
this.TC3__ = {"AAA":-294,"HHH":346,"HHI":-341,"HII":-1088,"HIK":731,"HOH":-1486,"IHH":128,"IHI":-3041,"IHO":-1935,"IIH":-825,"IIM":-1035,"IOI":-542,"KHH":-1216,"KKA":491,"KKH":-1217,"KOK":-1009,"MHH":-2694,"MHM":-457,"MHO":123,"MMH":-471,"NNH":-1689,"NNO":662,"OHO":-3393};
this.TC4__ = {"HHH":-203,"HHI":1344,"HHK":365,"HHM":-122,"HHN":182,"HHO":669,"HIH":804,"HII":679,"HOH":446,"IHH":695,"IHO":-2324,"IIH":321,"III":1497,"IIO":656,"IOO":54,"KAK":4845,"KKA":3386,"KKK":3065,"MHH":-405,"MHI":201,"MMH":-241,"MMM":661,"MOM":841};
this.TQ1__ = {"BHHH":-227,"BHHI":316,"BHIH":-132,"BIHH":60,"BIII":1595,"BNHH":-744,"BOHH":225,"BOOO":-908,"OAKK":482,"OHHH":281,"OHIH":249,"OIHI":200,"OIIH":-68};
this.TQ2__ = {"BIHH":-1401,"BIII":-1033,"BKAK":-543,"BOOO":-5591};
this.TQ3__ = {"BHHH":478,"BHHM":-1073,"BHIH":222,"BHII":-504,"BIIH":-116,"BIII":-105,"BMHI":-863,"BMHM":-464,"BOMH":620,"OHHH":346,"OHHI":1729,"OHII":997,"OHMH":481,"OIHH":623,"OIIH":1344,"OKAK":2792,"OKHH":587,"OKKA":679,"OOHH":110,"OOII":-685};
this.TQ4__ = {"BHHH":-721,"BHHM":-3604,"BHII":-966,"BIIH":-607,"BIII":-2181,"OAAA":-2763,"OAKK":180,"OHHH":-294,"OHHI":2446,"OHHO":480,"OHIH":-1573,"OIHH":1935,"OIHI":-493,"OIIH":626,"OIII":-4007,"OKAK":-8156};
this.TW1__ = {"につい":-4681,"東京都":2026};
this.TW2__ = {"ある程":-2049,"いった":-1256,"ころが":-2434,"しょう":3873,"その後":-4430,"だって":-1049,"ていた":1833,"として":-4657,"ともに":-4517,"もので":1882,"一気に":-792,"初めて":-1512,"同時に":-8097,"大きな":-1255,"対して":-2721,"社会党":-3216};
this.TW3__ = {"いただ":-1734,"してい":1314,"として":-4314,"につい":-5483,"にとっ":-5989,"に当た":-6247,"ので,":-727,"ので、":-727,"のもの":-600,"れから":-3752,"十二月":-2287};
this.TW4__ = {"いう.":8576,"いう。":8576,"からな":-2348,"してい":2958,"たが,":1516,"たが、":1516,"ている":1538,"という":1349,"ました":5543,"ません":1097,"ようと":-4258,"よると":5865};
this.UC1__ = {"A":484,"K":93,"M":645,"O":-505};
this.UC2__ = {"A":819,"H":1059,"I":409,"M":3987,"N":5775,"O":646};
this.UC3__ = {"A":-1370,"I":2311};
this.UC4__ = {"A":-2643,"H":1809,"I":-1032,"K":-3450,"M":3565,"N":3876,"O":6646};
this.UC5__ = {"H":313,"I":-1238,"K":-799,"M":539,"O":-831};
this.UC6__ = {"H":-506,"I":-253,"K":87,"M":247,"O":-387};
this.UP1__ = {"O":-214};
this.UP2__ = {"B":69,"O":935};
this.UP3__ = {"B":189};
this.UQ1__ = {"BH":21,"BI":-12,"BK":-99,"BN":142,"BO":-56,"OH":-95,"OI":477,"OK":410,"OO":-2422};
this.UQ2__ = {"BH":216,"BI":113,"OK":1759};
this.UQ3__ = {"BA":-479,"BH":42,"BI":1913,"BK":-7198,"BM":3160,"BN":6427,"BO":14761,"OI":-827,"ON":-3212};
this.UW1__ = {",":156,"、":156,"「":-463,"あ":-941,"う":-127,"が":-553,"き":121,"こ":505,"で":-201,"と":-547,"ど":-123,"に":-789,"の":-185,"は":-847,"も":-466,"や":-470,"よ":182,"ら":-292,"り":208,"れ":169,"を":-446,"ん":-137,"・":-135,"主":-402,"京":-268,"区":-912,"午":871,"国":-460,"大":561,"委":729,"市":-411,"日":-141,"理":361,"生":-408,"県":-386,"都":-718,"「":-463,"・":-135};
this.UW2__ = {",":-829,"、":-829,"":892,"「":-645,"」":3145,"あ":-538,"い":505,"う":134,"お":-502,"か":1454,"が":-856,"く":-412,"こ":1141,"さ":878,"ざ":540,"し":1529,"す":-675,"せ":300,"そ":-1011,"た":188,"だ":1837,"つ":-949,"て":-291,"で":-268,"と":-981,"ど":1273,"な":1063,"に":-1764,"の":130,"は":-409,"ひ":-1273,"べ":1261,"ま":600,"も":-1263,"や":-402,"よ":1639,"り":-579,"る":-694,"れ":571,"を":-2516,"ん":2095,"ア":-587,"カ":306,"キ":568,"ッ":831,"三":-758,"不":-2150,"世":-302,"中":-968,"主":-861,"事":492,"人":-123,"会":978,"保":362,"入":548,"初":-3025,"副":-1566,"北":-3414,"区":-422,"大":-1769,"天":-865,"太":-483,"子":-1519,"学":760,"実":1023,"小":-2009,"市":-813,"年":-1060,"強":1067,"手":-1519,"揺":-1033,"政":1522,"文":-1355,"新":-1682,"日":-1815,"明":-1462,"最":-630,"朝":-1843,"本":-1650,"東":-931,"果":-665,"次":-2378,"民":-180,"気":-1740,"理":752,"発":529,"目":-1584,"相":-242,"県":-1165,"立":-763,"第":810,"米":509,"自":-1353,"行":838,"西":-744,"見":-3874,"調":1010,"議":1198,"込":3041,"開":1758,"間":-1257,"「":-645,"」":3145,"ッ":831,"ア":-587,"カ":306,"キ":568};
this.UW3__ = {",":4889,"1":-800,"":-1723,"、":4889,"々":-2311,"":5827,"」":2670,"〓":-3573,"あ":-2696,"い":1006,"う":2342,"え":1983,"お":-4864,"か":-1163,"が":3271,"く":1004,"け":388,"げ":401,"こ":-3552,"ご":-3116,"さ":-1058,"し":-395,"す":584,"せ":3685,"そ":-5228,"た":842,"ち":-521,"っ":-1444,"つ":-1081,"て":6167,"で":2318,"と":1691,"ど":-899,"な":-2788,"に":2745,"の":4056,"は":4555,"ひ":-2171,"ふ":-1798,"へ":1199,"ほ":-5516,"ま":-4384,"み":-120,"め":1205,"も":2323,"や":-788,"よ":-202,"ら":727,"り":649,"る":5905,"れ":2773,"わ":-1207,"を":6620,"ん":-518,"ア":551,"グ":1319,"ス":874,"ッ":-1350,"ト":521,"ム":1109,"ル":1591,"ロ":2201,"ン":278,"・":-3794,"一":-1619,"下":-1759,"世":-2087,"両":3815,"中":653,"主":-758,"予":-1193,"二":974,"人":2742,"今":792,"他":1889,"以":-1368,"低":811,"何":4265,"作":-361,"保":-2439,"元":4858,"党":3593,"全":1574,"公":-3030,"六":755,"共":-1880,"円":5807,"再":3095,"分":457,"初":2475,"別":1129,"前":2286,"副":4437,"力":365,"動":-949,"務":-1872,"化":1327,"北":-1038,"区":4646,"千":-2309,"午":-783,"協":-1006,"口":483,"右":1233,"各":3588,"合":-241,"同":3906,"和":-837,"員":4513,"国":642,"型":1389,"場":1219,"外":-241,"妻":2016,"学":-1356,"安":-423,"実":-1008,"家":1078,"小":-513,"少":-3102,"州":1155,"市":3197,"平":-1804,"年":2416,"広":-1030,"府":1605,"度":1452,"建":-2352,"当":-3885,"得":1905,"思":-1291,"性":1822,"戸":-488,"指":-3973,"政":-2013,"教":-1479,"数":3222,"文":-1489,"新":1764,"日":2099,"旧":5792,"昨":-661,"時":-1248,"曜":-951,"最":-937,"月":4125,"期":360,"李":3094,"村":364,"東":-805,"核":5156,"森":2438,"業":484,"氏":2613,"民":-1694,"決":-1073,"法":1868,"海":-495,"無":979,"物":461,"特":-3850,"生":-273,"用":914,"町":1215,"的":7313,"直":-1835,"省":792,"県":6293,"知":-1528,"私":4231,"税":401,"立":-960,"第":1201,"米":7767,"系":3066,"約":3663,"級":1384,"統":-4229,"総":1163,"線":1255,"者":6457,"能":725,"自":-2869,"英":785,"見":1044,"調":-562,"財":-733,"費":1777,"車":1835,"軍":1375,"込":-1504,"通":-1136,"選":-681,"郎":1026,"郡":4404,"部":1200,"金":2163,"長":421,"開":-1432,"間":1302,"関":-1282,"雨":2009,"電":-1045,"非":2066,"駅":1620,"":-800,"」":2670,"・":-3794,"ッ":-1350,"ア":551,"グ":1319,"ス":874,"ト":521,"ム":1109,"ル":1591,"ロ":2201,"ン":278};
this.UW4__ = {",":3930,".":3508,"―":-4841,"、":3930,"。":3508,"":4999,"「":1895,"」":3798,"〓":-5156,"あ":4752,"い":-3435,"う":-640,"え":-2514,"お":2405,"か":530,"が":6006,"き":-4482,"ぎ":-3821,"く":-3788,"け":-4376,"げ":-4734,"こ":2255,"ご":1979,"さ":2864,"し":-843,"じ":-2506,"す":-731,"ず":1251,"せ":181,"そ":4091,"た":5034,"だ":5408,"ち":-3654,"っ":-5882,"つ":-1659,"て":3994,"で":7410,"と":4547,"な":5433,"に":6499,"ぬ":1853,"ね":1413,"の":7396,"は":8578,"ば":1940,"ひ":4249,"び":-4134,"ふ":1345,"へ":6665,"べ":-744,"ほ":1464,"ま":1051,"み":-2082,"む":-882,"め":-5046,"も":4169,"ゃ":-2666,"や":2795,"ょ":-1544,"よ":3351,"ら":-2922,"り":-9726,"る":-14896,"れ":-2613,"ろ":-4570,"わ":-1783,"を":13150,"ん":-2352,"カ":2145,"コ":1789,"セ":1287,"ッ":-724,"ト":-403,"メ":-1635,"ラ":-881,"リ":-541,"ル":-856,"ン":-3637,"・":-4371,"ー":-11870,"一":-2069,"中":2210,"予":782,"事":-190,"井":-1768,"人":1036,"以":544,"会":950,"体":-1286,"作":530,"側":4292,"先":601,"党":-2006,"共":-1212,"内":584,"円":788,"初":1347,"前":1623,"副":3879,"力":-302,"動":-740,"務":-2715,"化":776,"区":4517,"協":1013,"参":1555,"合":-1834,"和":-681,"員":-910,"器":-851,"回":1500,"国":-619,"園":-1200,"地":866,"場":-1410,"塁":-2094,"士":-1413,"多":1067,"大":571,"子":-4802,"学":-1397,"定":-1057,"寺":-809,"小":1910,"屋":-1328,"山":-1500,"島":-2056,"川":-2667,"市":2771,"年":374,"庁":-4556,"後":456,"性":553,"感":916,"所":-1566,"支":856,"改":787,"政":2182,"教":704,"文":522,"方":-856,"日":1798,"時":1829,"最":845,"月":-9066,"木":-485,"来":-442,"校":-360,"業":-1043,"氏":5388,"民":-2716,"気":-910,"沢":-939,"済":-543,"物":-735,"率":672,"球":-1267,"生":-1286,"産":-1101,"田":-2900,"町":1826,"的":2586,"目":922,"省":-3485,"県":2997,"空":-867,"立":-2112,"第":788,"米":2937,"系":786,"約":2171,"経":1146,"統":-1169,"総":940,"線":-994,"署":749,"者":2145,"能":-730,"般":-852,"行":-792,"規":792,"警":-1184,"議":-244,"谷":-1000,"賞":730,"車":-1481,"軍":1158,"輪":-1433,"込":-3370,"近":929,"道":-1291,"選":2596,"郎":-4866,"都":1192,"野":-1100,"銀":-2213,"長":357,"間":-2344,"院":-2297,"際":-2604,"電":-878,"領":-1659,"題":-792,"館":-1984,"首":1749,"高":2120,"「":1895,"」":3798,"・":-4371,"ッ":-724,"ー":-11870,"カ":2145,"コ":1789,"セ":1287,"ト":-403,"メ":-1635,"ラ":-881,"リ":-541,"ル":-856,"ン":-3637};
this.UW5__ = {",":465,".":-299,"1":-514,"E2":-32768,"]":-2762,"、":465,"。":-299,"「":363,"あ":1655,"い":331,"う":-503,"え":1199,"お":527,"か":647,"が":-421,"き":1624,"ぎ":1971,"く":312,"げ":-983,"さ":-1537,"し":-1371,"す":-852,"だ":-1186,"ち":1093,"っ":52,"つ":921,"て":-18,"で":-850,"と":-127,"ど":1682,"な":-787,"に":-1224,"の":-635,"は":-578,"べ":1001,"み":502,"め":865,"ゃ":3350,"ょ":854,"り":-208,"る":429,"れ":504,"わ":419,"を":-1264,"ん":327,"イ":241,"ル":451,"ン":-343,"中":-871,"京":722,"会":-1153,"党":-654,"務":3519,"区":-901,"告":848,"員":2104,"大":-1296,"学":-548,"定":1785,"嵐":-1304,"市":-2991,"席":921,"年":1763,"思":872,"所":-814,"挙":1618,"新":-1682,"日":218,"月":-4353,"査":932,"格":1356,"機":-1508,"氏":-1347,"田":240,"町":-3912,"的":-3149,"相":1319,"省":-1052,"県":-4003,"研":-997,"社":-278,"空":-813,"統":1955,"者":-2233,"表":663,"語":-1073,"議":1219,"選":-1018,"郎":-368,"長":786,"間":1191,"題":2368,"館":-689,"":-514,"":-32768,"「":363,"イ":241,"ル":451,"ン":-343};
this.UW6__ = {",":227,".":808,"1":-270,"E1":306,"、":227,"。":808,"あ":-307,"う":189,"か":241,"が":-73,"く":-121,"こ":-200,"じ":1782,"す":383,"た":-428,"っ":573,"て":-1014,"で":101,"と":-105,"な":-253,"に":-149,"の":-417,"は":-236,"も":-206,"り":187,"る":-135,"を":195,"ル":-673,"ン":-496,"一":-277,"中":201,"件":-800,"会":624,"前":302,"区":1792,"員":-1212,"委":798,"学":-960,"市":887,"広":-695,"後":535,"業":-697,"相":753,"社":-507,"福":974,"空":-822,"者":1811,"連":463,"郎":1082,"":-270,"":306,"ル":-673,"ン":-496};
return this;
}
TinySegmenter.prototype.ctype_ = function(str) {
for (var i in this.chartype_) {
if (str.match(this.chartype_[i][0])) {
return this.chartype_[i][1];
}
}
return "O";
}
TinySegmenter.prototype.ts_ = function(v) {
if (v) { return v; }
return 0;
}
TinySegmenter.prototype.segment = function(input) {
if (input == null || input == undefined || input == "") {
return [];
}
var result = [];
var seg = ["B3","B2","B1"];
var ctype = ["O","O","O"];
var o = input.split("");
for (i = 0; i < o.length; ++i) {
seg.push(o[i]);
ctype.push(this.ctype_(o[i]))
}
seg.push("E1");
seg.push("E2");
seg.push("E3");
ctype.push("O");
ctype.push("O");
ctype.push("O");
var word = seg[3];
var p1 = "U";
var p2 = "U";
var p3 = "U";
for (var i = 4; i < seg.length - 3; ++i) {
var score = this.BIAS__;
var w1 = seg[i-3];
var w2 = seg[i-2];
var w3 = seg[i-1];
var w4 = seg[i];
var w5 = seg[i+1];
var w6 = seg[i+2];
var c1 = ctype[i-3];
var c2 = ctype[i-2];
var c3 = ctype[i-1];
var c4 = ctype[i];
var c5 = ctype[i+1];
var c6 = ctype[i+2];
score += this.ts_(this.UP1__[p1]);
score += this.ts_(this.UP2__[p2]);
score += this.ts_(this.UP3__[p3]);
score += this.ts_(this.BP1__[p1 + p2]);
score += this.ts_(this.BP2__[p2 + p3]);
score += this.ts_(this.UW1__[w1]);
score += this.ts_(this.UW2__[w2]);
score += this.ts_(this.UW3__[w3]);
score += this.ts_(this.UW4__[w4]);
score += this.ts_(this.UW5__[w5]);
score += this.ts_(this.UW6__[w6]);
score += this.ts_(this.BW1__[w2 + w3]);
score += this.ts_(this.BW2__[w3 + w4]);
score += this.ts_(this.BW3__[w4 + w5]);
score += this.ts_(this.TW1__[w1 + w2 + w3]);
score += this.ts_(this.TW2__[w2 + w3 + w4]);
score += this.ts_(this.TW3__[w3 + w4 + w5]);
score += this.ts_(this.TW4__[w4 + w5 + w6]);
score += this.ts_(this.UC1__[c1]);
score += this.ts_(this.UC2__[c2]);
score += this.ts_(this.UC3__[c3]);
score += this.ts_(this.UC4__[c4]);
score += this.ts_(this.UC5__[c5]);
score += this.ts_(this.UC6__[c6]);
score += this.ts_(this.BC1__[c2 + c3]);
score += this.ts_(this.BC2__[c3 + c4]);
score += this.ts_(this.BC3__[c4 + c5]);
score += this.ts_(this.TC1__[c1 + c2 + c3]);
score += this.ts_(this.TC2__[c2 + c3 + c4]);
score += this.ts_(this.TC3__[c3 + c4 + c5]);
score += this.ts_(this.TC4__[c4 + c5 + c6]);
// score += this.ts_(this.TC5__[c4 + c5 + c6]);
score += this.ts_(this.UQ1__[p1 + c1]);
score += this.ts_(this.UQ2__[p2 + c2]);
score += this.ts_(this.UQ3__[p3 + c3]);
score += this.ts_(this.BQ1__[p2 + c2 + c3]);
score += this.ts_(this.BQ2__[p2 + c3 + c4]);
score += this.ts_(this.BQ3__[p3 + c2 + c3]);
score += this.ts_(this.BQ4__[p3 + c3 + c4]);
score += this.ts_(this.TQ1__[p2 + c1 + c2 + c3]);
score += this.ts_(this.TQ2__[p2 + c2 + c3 + c4]);
score += this.ts_(this.TQ3__[p3 + c1 + c2 + c3]);
score += this.ts_(this.TQ4__[p3 + c2 + c3 + c4]);
var p = "O";
if (score > 0) {
result.push(word);
word = "";
p = "B";
}
p1 = p2;
p2 = p3;
p3 = p;
word += seg[i];
}
result.push(word);
return result;
}
lunr.TinySegmenter = TinySegmenter;
};
}));

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## ASGI
**Uvicorn** uses the [ASGI specification](https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) for interacting with an application.
The application should expose an async callable which takes three arguments:
- `scope` - A dictionary containing information about the incoming connection.
- `receive` - A channel on which to receive incoming messages from the server.
- `send` - A channel on which to send outgoing messages to the server.
Two common patterns you might use are either function-based applications:
```
async def app(scope, receive, send):
assert scope['type'] == 'http'
...
```
Or instance-based applications:
```
class App:
async def __call__(self, scope, receive, send):
assert scope['type'] == 'http'
...
app = App()
```
It's good practice for applications to raise an exception on scope types that they do not handle.
The content of the `scope` argument, and the messages expected by `receive` and `send` depend on the protocol being used.
The format for HTTP messages is described in the [ASGI HTTP Message format](https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/specs/www.html).
### HTTP Scope
An incoming HTTP request might have a connection `scope` like this:
```
{
'type': 'http',
'scheme': 'http',
'root_path': '',
'server': ('127.0.0.1', 8000),
'http_version': '1.1',
'method': 'GET',
'path': '/',
'headers': [
(b'host', b'127.0.0.1:8000'),
(b'user-agent', b'curl/7.51.0'),
(b'accept', b'*/*')
]
}
```
### HTTP Messages
The instance coroutine communicates back to the server by sending messages to the `send` coroutine.
```
await send({
'type': 'http.response.start',
'status': 200,
'headers': [
[b'content-type', b'text/plain'],
]
})
await send({
'type': 'http.response.body',
'body': b'Hello, world!',
})
```
### Requests & responses
Here's an example that displays the method and path used in the incoming request:
```
async def app(scope, receive, send):
"""
Echo the method and path back in an HTTP response.
"""
assert scope['type'] == 'http'
body = f'Received {scope["method"]} request to {scope["path"]}'
await send({
'type': 'http.response.start',
'status': 200,
'headers': [
[b'content-type', b'text/plain'],
]
})
await send({
'type': 'http.response.body',
'body': body.encode('utf-8'),
})
```
### Reading the request body
You can stream the request body without blocking the asyncio task pool, by fetching messages from the `receive` coroutine.
```
async def read_body(receive):
"""
Read and return the entire body from an incoming ASGI message.
"""
body = b''
more_body = True
while more_body:
message = await receive()
body += message.get('body', b'')
more_body = message.get('more_body', False)
return body
async def app(scope, receive, send):
"""
Echo the request body back in an HTTP response.
"""
body = await read_body(receive)
await send({
'type': 'http.response.start',
'status': 200,
'headers': [
(b'content-type', b'text/plain'),
(b'content-length', str(len(body)).encode())
]
})
await send({
'type': 'http.response.body',
'body': body,
})
```
### Streaming responses
You can stream responses by sending multiple `http.response.body` messages to the `send` coroutine.
```
import asyncio
async def app(scope, receive, send):
"""
Send a slowly streaming HTTP response back to the client.
"""
await send({
'type': 'http.response.start',
'status': 200,
'headers': [
[b'content-type', b'text/plain'],
]
})
for chunk in [b'Hello', b', ', b'world!']:
await send({
'type': 'http.response.body',
'body': chunk,
'more_body': True
})
await asyncio.sleep(1)
await send({
'type': 'http.response.body',
'body': b'',
})
```
______________________________________________________________________
## Why ASGI?
Most well established Python Web frameworks started out as WSGI-based frameworks.
WSGI applications are a single, synchronous callable that takes a request and returns a response. This doesnt allow for long-lived connections, like you get with long-poll HTTP or WebSocket connections, which WSGI doesn't support well.
Having an async concurrency model also allows for options such as lightweight background tasks, and can be less of a limiting factor for endpoints that have long periods being blocked on network I/O such as dealing with slow HTTP requests.
______________________________________________________________________
## Alternative ASGI servers
A strength of the ASGI protocol is that it decouples the server implementation from the application framework. This allows for an ecosystem of interoperating webservers and application frameworks.
### Daphne
The first ASGI server implementation, originally developed to power Django Channels, is [the Daphne webserver](https://github.com/django/daphne).
It is run widely in production, and supports HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, and WebSockets.
Any of the example applications given here can equally well be run using `daphne` instead.
```
pip install daphne
daphne app:App
```
### Hypercorn
[Hypercorn](https://github.com/pgjones/hypercorn) was initially part of the Quart web framework, before being separated out into a standalone ASGI server.
Hypercorn supports HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, HTTP/3 and WebSockets.
```
pip install hypercorn
hypercorn app:App
```
______________________________________________________________________
## ASGI frameworks
You can use Uvicorn, Daphne, or Hypercorn to run any ASGI framework.
For small services you can also write ASGI applications directly.
### Starlette
[Starlette](https://github.com/Kludex/starlette) is a lightweight ASGI framework/toolkit.
It is ideal for building high performance asyncio services, and supports both HTTP and WebSockets.
### Django Channels
The ASGI specification was originally designed for use with [Django Channels](https://channels.readthedocs.io/en/latest/).
Channels is a little different to other ASGI frameworks in that it provides an asynchronous frontend onto a threaded-framework backend. It allows Django to support WebSockets, background tasks, and long-running connections, with application code still running in a standard threaded context.
### Quart
[Quart](https://pgjones.gitlab.io/quart/) is a Flask-like ASGI web framework.
### FastAPI
[**FastAPI**](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi) is an API framework based on **Starlette** and **Pydantic**, heavily inspired by previous server versions of **APIStar**.
You write your API function parameters with Python 3.6+ type declarations and get automatic data conversion, data validation, OpenAPI schemas (with JSON Schemas) and interactive API documentation UIs.
### BlackSheep
[BlackSheep](https://www.neoteroi.dev/blacksheep/) is a web framework based on ASGI, inspired by Flask and ASP.NET Core.
Its most distinctive features are built-in support for dependency injection, automatic binding of parameters by request handler's type annotations, and automatic generation of OpenAPI documentation and Swagger UI.
### Falcon
[Falcon](https://falconframework.org) is a minimalist REST and app backend framework for Python, with a focus on reliability, correctness, and performance at scale.
### Muffin
[Muffin](https://github.com/klen/muffin) is a fast, lightweight and asynchronous ASGI web-framework for Python 3.
### Litestar
[Litestar](https://litestar.dev) is a powerful, lightweight and flexible ASGI framework.
It includes everything that's needed to build modern APIs - from data serialization and validation to websockets, ORM integration, session management, authentication and more.
### Panther
[Panther](https://PantherPy.github.io/) is a fast & friendly web framework for building async APIs with Python 3.10+.
It has built-in Document-oriented Database, Caching System, Authentication and Permission Classes, Visual API Monitoring and also supports Websocket, Throttling, Middlewares.

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# Event Loop
Uvicorn provides two event loop implementations that you can choose from using the [`--loop`](https://uvicorn.dev/settings/#implementation) option:
```
uvicorn main:app --loop <auto|asyncio|uvloop>
```
By default, Uvicorn uses `--loop auto`, which automatically selects:
1. **uvloop** - If [uvloop](https://github.com/MagicStack/uvloop) is installed, Uvicorn will use it for maximum performance
1. **asyncio** - If uvloop is not available, Uvicorn falls back to Python's built-in asyncio event loop
Since `uvloop` is not compatible with Windows or PyPy, it is not available on these platforms.
On Windows, the asyncio implementation uses the standard ProactorEventLoop in single-process mode. When running with `--reload` or multiple workers, it uses SelectorEventLoop instead.
Why can `ProactorEventLoop` fail with multiple processes on Windows?
If you want to know more about it, you can read the issue [#cpython/122240](https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/122240).
## Custom Event Loop
You can use custom event loop implementations by specifying a module path and function name using the colon notation:
```
uvicorn main:app --loop <module>:<function>
```
The function should return a callable that creates a new event loop instance.
### rloop
[rloop](https://github.com/gi0baro/rloop) is an experimental AsyncIO event loop implemented in Rust on top of the [mio](https://github.com/tokio-rs/mio) crate. It aims to provide high performance through Rust's systems programming capabilities.
You can install it with:
```
pip install rloop
```
```
uv add rloop
```
You can run `uvicorn` with `rloop` with the following command:
```
uvicorn main:app --loop rloop:new_event_loop
```
Experimental
rloop is currently **experimental** and **not suited for production usage**. It is only available on **Unix systems**.
### Winloop
[Winloop](https://github.com/Vizonex/Winloop) is an alternative library that brings uvloop-like performance to Windows. Since uvloop is based on libuv and doesn't support Windows, Winloop provides a Windows-compatible implementation with significant performance improvements over the standard Windows event loop policies.
You can install it with:
```
pip install winloop
```
```
uv add winloop
```
You can run `uvicorn` with `Winloop` with the following command:
```
uvicorn main:app --loop winloop:new_event_loop
```

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Since Uvicorn is an ASGI server, it supports the [ASGI lifespan protocol](https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/specs/lifespan.html). This allows you to run **startup** and **shutdown** events for your application.
The lifespan protocol is useful for initializing resources that need to be available throughout the lifetime of the application, such as database connections, caches, or other services.
Keep in mind that the lifespan is executed **only once per application instance**. If you have multiple workers, each worker will execute the lifespan independently.
## Lifespan Architecture
The lifespan protocol runs as a sibling task alongside your main application, allowing both to execute concurrently.
Let's see how Uvicorn handles the lifespan and main application tasks:
```
sequenceDiagram
participant Server as Uvicorn Server
participant LifespanTask as Lifespan Task
participant AppTask as Application Task
participant UserApp as User Application
Note over Server: ✅ Server starts
Server->>+LifespanTask: spawn_task(lifespan_handler)
LifespanTask->>UserApp: {"type": "lifespan.startup"}
Note over UserApp: Initialize databases, caches, etc.
UserApp-->>LifespanTask: {"type": "lifespan.startup.complete"}
LifespanTask->>Server: ✅ Startup complete
Server->>+AppTask: spawn_task(application_handler)
Note over AppTask: ✅ Ready for requests
rect rgb(240, 248, 255)
Note over LifespanTask, AppTask: Both tasks running concurrently
par Lifespan maintains state
LifespanTask->>LifespanTask: Keep lifespan connection alive
and Application serves requests
AppTask->>UserApp: HTTP/WebSocket requests
UserApp-->>AppTask: Responses
end
end
Note over Server: Shutdown signal received
Server->>AppTask: Stop accepting new connections
AppTask->>AppTask: Complete pending requests
LifespanTask->>UserApp: {"type": "lifespan.shutdown"}
Note over UserApp: Cleanup databases, caches, etc.
UserApp-->>LifespanTask: {"type": "lifespan.shutdown.complete"}
LifespanTask->>-Server: Lifespan task complete
AppTask->>-Server: Application task complete
Note over Server: ✅ Server stopped
```
Having the lifespan task run as a sibling task is a deliberate design choice. It could have been implemented as a parent task that spawns the application task. This decision has the implication that if you create a ContextVar in the lifespan task, it will not be available in the application task.
## Usage
Let's see an example of a minimal (but complete) ASGI application that implements the lifespan protocol:
ASGI application with lifespan
```
async def app(scope, receive, send):
if scope['type'] == 'lifespan':
while True:
message = await receive()
if message['type'] == 'lifespan.startup':
print("Application is starting up...")
await send({'type': 'lifespan.startup.complete'})
elif message['type'] == 'lifespan.shutdown':
print("Application is shutting down...")
await send({'type': 'lifespan.shutdown.complete'})
return
elif scope['type'] == 'http':
await send({
'type': 'http.response.start',
'status': 200,
'headers': [(b'content-type', b'text/plain')],
})
await send({'type': 'http.response.body', 'body': b'Hello, World!'})
else:
raise RuntimeError("This server doesn't support WebSocket.")
```
You can run the above application with `uvicorn main:app`. Then you'll see the print statements when the application starts. You can also try to send some HTTP requests to it, and it will respond with "Hello, World!". And if you stop the server (`CTRL + C`), it will print `"Application is shutting down..."`.
## Disabling Lifespan
If you want to disable the lifespan protocol, you can do so by setting the `lifespan` option to `off` when running Uvicorn:
```
uvicorn main:app --lifespan off
```
By default, Uvicorn will automatically enable the lifespan protocol if the application supports it.

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Uvicorn uses Python's built-in [`logging`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.html) module, and provides three loggers out of the box:
| Logger name | Purpose |
| ---------------- | ------------------------------------------------- |
| `uvicorn` | Parent logger (rarely used directly) |
| `uvicorn.error` | Server-level messages (startup, shutdown, errors) |
| `uvicorn.access` | Per-request access log lines |
Note
Despite its name, `uvicorn.error` is **not** limited to error messages. It is the general-purpose server logger, similar to how Gunicorn names its main logger. See [#562](https://github.com/encode/uvicorn/issues/562) for background.
## Default Configuration
By default, Uvicorn applies the following [`dictConfig()`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/logging.config.html#logging.config.dictConfig) configuration:
```
LOGGING_CONFIG = {
"version": 1,
"disable_existing_loggers": False,
"formatters": {
"default": {
"()": "uvicorn.logging.DefaultFormatter",
"fmt": "%(levelprefix)s %(message)s",
"use_colors": None,
},
"access": {
"()": "uvicorn.logging.AccessFormatter",
"fmt": '%(levelprefix)s %(client_addr)s - "%(request_line)s" %(status_code)s',
},
},
"handlers": {
"default": {
"formatter": "default",
"class": "logging.StreamHandler",
"stream": "ext://sys.stderr",
},
"access": {
"formatter": "access",
"class": "logging.StreamHandler",
"stream": "ext://sys.stdout",
},
},
"loggers": {
"uvicorn": {"handlers": ["default"], "level": "INFO", "propagate": False},
"uvicorn.error": {"level": "INFO"},
"uvicorn.access": {"handlers": ["access"], "level": "INFO", "propagate": False},
},
}
```
## Custom Logging Configuration
You can supply a custom logging configuration file with the `--log-config` option (or `log_config` when calling `uvicorn.run()`).
Uvicorn supports three file formats:
| Extension | Loader | Notes |
| -------------- | --------------------------- | ------------------------------------------ |
| `.json` | `logging.config.dictConfig` | Standard JSON `dictConfig` schema. |
| `.yaml`/`.yml` | `logging.config.dictConfig` | Requires **PyYAML** (`uvicorn[standard]`). |
| Any other | `logging.config.fileConfig` | Classic INI-style format. |
### YAML Example
Create a file named `log_config.yaml`:
```
version: 1
disable_existing_loggers: false
formatters:
default:
"()": uvicorn.logging.DefaultFormatter
fmt: "%(asctime)s - %(levelprefix)s %(message)s"
datefmt: "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
use_colors: null
access:
"()": uvicorn.logging.AccessFormatter
fmt: '%(asctime)s - %(levelprefix)s %(client_addr)s - "%(request_line)s" %(status_code)s'
datefmt: "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
handlers:
default:
formatter: default
class: logging.StreamHandler
stream: ext://sys.stderr
access:
formatter: access
class: logging.StreamHandler
stream: ext://sys.stdout
loggers:
uvicorn:
handlers:
- default
level: INFO
propagate: false
uvicorn.error:
level: INFO
uvicorn.access:
handlers:
- access
level: INFO
propagate: false
```
Then pass it to Uvicorn:
```
uvicorn main:app --log-config log_config.yaml
```
```
uvicorn.run("main:app", log_config="log_config.yaml")
```
### JSON Example
Create a file named `log_config.json`:
```
{
"version": 1,
"disable_existing_loggers": false,
"formatters": {
"default": {
"()": "uvicorn.logging.DefaultFormatter",
"fmt": "%(asctime)s - %(levelprefix)s %(message)s",
"datefmt": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
"use_colors": null
},
"access": {
"()": "uvicorn.logging.AccessFormatter",
"fmt": "%(asctime)s - %(levelprefix)s %(client_addr)s - \"%(request_line)s\" %(status_code)s",
"datefmt": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
}
},
"handlers": {
"default": {
"formatter": "default",
"class": "logging.StreamHandler",
"stream": "ext://sys.stderr"
},
"access": {
"formatter": "access",
"class": "logging.StreamHandler",
"stream": "ext://sys.stdout"
}
},
"loggers": {
"uvicorn": {
"handlers": ["default"],
"level": "INFO",
"propagate": false
},
"uvicorn.error": {
"level": "INFO"
},
"uvicorn.access": {
"handlers": ["access"],
"level": "INFO",
"propagate": false
}
}
}
```
### Programmatic `dictConfig`
You can also pass a dictionary directly when running programmatically:
```
import uvicorn
log_config = {
"version": 1,
"disable_existing_loggers": False,
"formatters": {
"default": {
"()": "uvicorn.logging.DefaultFormatter",
"fmt": "%(asctime)s - %(levelprefix)s %(message)s",
"datefmt": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
},
"access": {
"()": "uvicorn.logging.AccessFormatter",
"fmt": '%(asctime)s - %(levelprefix)s %(client_addr)s - "%(request_line)s" %(status_code)s',
"datefmt": "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",
},
},
"handlers": {
"default": {
"formatter": "default",
"class": "logging.StreamHandler",
"stream": "ext://sys.stderr",
},
"access": {
"formatter": "access",
"class": "logging.StreamHandler",
"stream": "ext://sys.stdout",
},
},
"loggers": {
"uvicorn": {"handlers": ["default"], "level": "INFO", "propagate": False},
"uvicorn.error": {"level": "INFO"},
"uvicorn.access": {"handlers": ["access"], "level": "INFO", "propagate": False},
},
}
uvicorn.run("main:app", log_config=log_config)
```
## Common Recipes
### Writing Logs to a File
To write Uvicorn's server logs to a file in addition to the console, add a `FileHandler` to the `uvicorn` logger:
```
version: 1
disable_existing_loggers: false
formatters:
default:
"()": uvicorn.logging.DefaultFormatter
fmt: "%(asctime)s - %(levelprefix)s %(message)s"
datefmt: "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
use_colors: false
access:
"()": uvicorn.logging.AccessFormatter
fmt: '%(asctime)s - %(levelprefix)s %(client_addr)s - "%(request_line)s" %(status_code)s'
datefmt: "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
handlers:
default:
formatter: default
class: logging.StreamHandler
stream: ext://sys.stderr
access:
formatter: access
class: logging.StreamHandler
stream: ext://sys.stdout
file:
formatter: default
class: logging.FileHandler
filename: uvicorn.log
loggers:
uvicorn:
handlers:
- default
- file
level: INFO
propagate: false
uvicorn.error:
level: INFO
uvicorn.access:
handlers:
- access
level: INFO
propagate: false
```
In this example, `uvicorn.access` still writes to stdout only. To write access logs to the file as well, add `file` to the `uvicorn.access.handlers` list.
### Disabling Access Logs
Use the `--no-access-log` CLI flag, or set `access_log=False` programmatically. This removes all handlers from `uvicorn.access` without affecting the `uvicorn.error` logger.
### Disabling Colors
Pass `--no-use-colors` on the command line, or set `use_colors=False` programmatically. When using a custom `--log-config`, set `use_colors: false` on each formatter that extends `uvicorn.logging.ColourizedFormatter`.
### Using a Standard Formatter
If you do not need Uvicorn's colorized output, you can use the standard `logging.Formatter` instead:
```
version: 1
disable_existing_loggers: false
formatters:
default:
format: "%(asctime)s [%(levelname)s] %(name)s: %(message)s"
datefmt: "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"
handlers:
default:
formatter: default
class: logging.StreamHandler
stream: ext://sys.stderr
loggers:
uvicorn:
handlers:
- default
level: INFO
propagate: false
uvicorn.error:
level: INFO
uvicorn.access:
handlers:
- default
level: INFO
propagate: false
```
Warning
When using a standard `logging.Formatter` for the access logger, the `%(client_addr)s`, `%(request_line)s`, and `%(status_code)s` placeholders are **not** available. The access log line will be formatted using only the standard `%(message)s` field.

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**Uvicorn** supports the WebSocket protocol as defined in [RFC 6455](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455).
## Upgrade Process
The WebSocket protocol starts as an HTTP connection that gets "upgraded" to a WebSocket connection through a handshake process. Here's how it works:
```
sequenceDiagram
participant Client
participant Server
participant ASGI App
Note over Client,ASGI App: WebSocket Handshake Process
Client->>Server: HTTP GET Request
Note right of Client: Headers:<br/>Upgrade: websocket<br/>Connection: Upgrade<br/>Sec-WebSocket-Key: [key]<br/>Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13
Server->>ASGI App: websocket.connect event
Note right of Server: Scope type: "websocket"
alt Connection Accepted
ASGI App->>Server: {"type": "websocket.accept"}
Server->>Client: HTTP 101 Switching Protocols
Note right of Server: Headers:<br/>Upgrade: websocket<br/>Connection: Upgrade<br/>Sec-WebSocket-Accept: [hash]
Note over Client,ASGI App: WebSocket Connection Established
loop Message Exchange
Client->>Server: WebSocket Frame
Server->>ASGI App: websocket.receive event
ASGI App->>Server: {"type": "websocket.send", "text": "..."}
Server->>Client: WebSocket Frame
end
alt Client Closes
Client->>Server: Close Frame
Server->>ASGI App: websocket.disconnect event
else Server Closes
ASGI App->>Server: {"type": "websocket.close"}
Server->>Client: Close Frame
end
else Connection Rejected
ASGI App->>Server: {"type": "websocket.http.response.start", "status": 403}
Server->>Client: HTTP 403 Forbidden
end
```
1. **Initial HTTP Request**: The client sends a regular HTTP GET request with special headers indicating it wants to upgrade to WebSocket:
- `Upgrade: websocket`
- `Connection: Upgrade`
- `Sec-WebSocket-Key`: A base64-encoded random key
- `Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13`
1. **Server Processing**: Uvicorn receives the request and creates a WebSocket scope, sending a `websocket.connect` event to the ASGI application.
1. **Application Decision**: The ASGI app decides whether to accept or reject the connection based on authentication, authorization, or other logic.
1. **Handshake Completion**: If accepted, the server responds with HTTP 101 status and the computed `Sec-WebSocket-Accept` header.
1. **Full-Duplex Communication**: Once upgraded, both client and server can send messages at any time using WebSocket frames.
1. **Connection Termination**: Either side can initiate closing the connection with a close frame.
## ASGI WebSocket Events
**Uvicorn** translates WebSocket protocol messages into ASGI events:
- `websocket.connect`: Sent when a client requests a WebSocket upgrade
- `websocket.receive`: Sent when a message is received from the client
- `websocket.disconnect`: Sent when the connection is closed
The ASGI app can respond with:
- `websocket.accept`: Accept the connection upgrade with an optional subprotocol
- `websocket.send`: Send a message to the client
- `websocket.close`: Close the connection with an optional status code
You can read more about it on the [ASGI documentation](https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/specs/www.html#websocket).
## Protocol Implementations
**Uvicorn** has three implementations of the WebSocket protocol.
### WSProto Protocol
This implementation was the first implemented. It uses the [`wsproto`](https://python-hyper.org/projects/wsproto/en/stable/) package underneath.
You can choose this protocol by setting the `--ws` option to `wsproto`.
### WebSocket Protocol
This implementation uses the [`websockets`](https://websockets.readthedocs.io/) package as dependency.
By default, if you have `websockets` installed, Uvicorn will use this protocol.
### WebSockets SansIO Protocol
Since `websockets` deprecated the API Uvicorn uses to run the previous protocol, we had to create this new protocol that uses the `websockets` SansIO API.
You can choose this protocol by setting the `--ws` option to `websockets-sansio`.
Note
The SansIO implementation was released in Uvicorn version 0.35.0 in June 2025.

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.md-nav__sponsors {
display: flex;
flex-direction: column;
align-items: center;
gap: 0.5rem;
margin: 1.2rem 0.4rem 0.6rem;
padding: 0.9rem 0.6rem 0.8rem;
background-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--md-primary-fg-color) 8%, transparent);
border-radius: 0.4rem;
}
.md-nav__sponsors-title {
margin: 0 0 0.1rem;
font-size: 0.6rem;
font-weight: 700;
text-transform: uppercase;
letter-spacing: 0.05em;
color: var(--md-default-fg-color--light);
}
.md-nav__sponsor {
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
width: 100%;
padding: 0.25rem;
border-radius: 0.2rem;
transition: opacity 0.15s;
}
.md-nav__sponsor:hover {
opacity: 0.75;
}
.md-nav__sponsor img {
max-width: 100%;
max-height: 1.6rem;
object-fit: contain;
}
.md-nav__sponsor-cta {
display: inline-block;
margin-top: 0.15rem;
padding: 0.25rem 0.6rem;
font-size: 0.65rem;
font-weight: 600;
color: var(--md-primary-bg-color);
background-color: var(--md-primary-fg-color);
border-radius: 0.2rem;
text-decoration: none;
transition: opacity 0.15s;
}
.md-nav__sponsor-cta:hover {
opacity: 0.85;
color: var(--md-primary-bg-color);
}

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# Dockerfile
**Docker** is a popular choice for modern application deployment. However, creating a good Dockerfile from scratch can be challenging. This guide provides a **solid foundation** that works well for most Python projects.
While the example below won't fit every use case, it offers an excellent starting point that you can adapt to your specific needs.
## Quickstart
For this example, we'll need to install [`docker`](https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/), [docker-compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/) and [`uv`](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/getting-started/installation/).
Then, let's create a new project with `uv`:
```
uv init app
```
This will create a new project with a basic structure:
```
app/
├── main.py
├── pyproject.toml
└── README.md
```
On `main.py`, let's create a simple ASGI application:
main.py
```
async def app(scope, receive, send):
body = "Hello, world!"
await send(
{
"type": "http.response.start",
"status": 200,
"headers": [
[b"content-type", b"text/plain"],
[b"content-length", len(body)],
],
}
)
await send(
{
"type": "http.response.body",
"body": body.encode("utf-8"),
}
)
```
We need to include `uvicorn` in the dependencies:
```
uv add uvicorn
```
This will also create a `uv.lock` file.
What is `uv.lock`?
`uv.lock` is a `uv` specific lockfile. A lockfile is a file that contains the exact versions of the dependencies that were installed when the `uv.lock` file was created.
This allows for deterministic builds and consistent deployments.
Just to make sure everything is working, let's run the application:
```
uv run uvicorn main:app
```
You should see the following output:
```
INFO: Started server process [62727]
INFO: Waiting for application startup.
INFO: ASGI 'lifespan' protocol appears unsupported.
INFO: Application startup complete.
INFO: Uvicorn running on http://127.0.0.1:8000 (Press CTRL+C to quit)
```
## Dockerfile
We'll create a **cache-aware Dockerfile** that optimizes build times. The key strategy is to install dependencies first, then copy the project files. This approach leverages Docker's caching mechanism to significantly speed up rebuilds.
Dockerfile
```
FROM python:3.12-slim
COPY --from=ghcr.io/astral-sh/uv:latest /uv /uvx /bin/
# Change the working directory to the `app` directory
WORKDIR /app
# Install dependencies
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/uv \
--mount=type=bind,source=uv.lock,target=uv.lock \
--mount=type=bind,source=pyproject.toml,target=pyproject.toml \
uv sync --frozen --no-install-project
# Copy the project into the image
ADD . /app
# Sync the project
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/uv \
uv sync --frozen
# Run with uvicorn
CMD ["uv", "run", "uvicorn", "main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]
```
A common question is **"how many workers should I run?"**. The image above uses a single Uvicorn worker. The recommended approach is to let your orchestration system manage the number of deployed containers rather than relying on the process manager inside the container.
You can read more about this in the [Decouple applications](https://docs.docker.com/build/building/best-practices/#decouple-applications) section of the Docker documentation.
For production, create a non-root user!
When running in production, you should create a non-root user and run the container as that user.
To make sure it works, let's build the image and run it:
```
docker build -t my-app .
docker run -p 8000:8000 my-app
```
For more information on using uv with Docker, refer to the [official uv Docker integration guide](https://docs.astral.sh/uv/guides/integration/docker/).
## Docker Compose
When running in development, it's often useful to have a way to hot-reload the application when code changes.
Let's create a `docker-compose.yml` file to run the application:
docker-compose.yml
```
services:
backend:
build: .
ports:
- "8000:8000"
environment:
- UVICORN_RELOAD=true
volumes:
- .:/app
tty: true
```
You can run the application with `docker compose up` and it will automatically rebuild the image when code changes.
Now you have a fully working development environment!

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Server deployment is a complex area, that will depend on what kind of service you're deploying Uvicorn onto.
As a general rule, you probably want to:
- Run `uvicorn --reload` from the command line for local development.
- Run `gunicorn -k uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker` for production.
- Additionally run behind Nginx for self-hosted deployments.
- Finally, run everything behind a CDN for caching support, and serious DDOS protection.
## Running from the command line
Typically you'll run `uvicorn` from the command line.
```
$ uvicorn main:app --reload --port 5000
```
The ASGI application should be specified in the form `path.to.module:instance.path`.
When running locally, use `--reload` to turn on auto-reloading.
The `--reload` and `--workers` arguments are **mutually exclusive**.
To see the complete set of available options, use `uvicorn --help`:
```
Usage: uvicorn [OPTIONS] APP
Options:
--host TEXT Bind socket to this host. [default:
127.0.0.1]
--port INTEGER Bind socket to this port. If 0, an available
port will be picked. [default: 8000]
--uds TEXT Bind to a UNIX domain socket.
--fd INTEGER Bind to socket from this file descriptor.
--reload Enable auto-reload.
--reload-dir PATH Set reload directories explicitly, instead
of using the current working directory.
--reload-include TEXT Set glob patterns to include while watching
for files. Includes '*.py' by default; these
defaults can be overridden with `--reload-
exclude`. This option has no effect unless
watchfiles is installed.
--reload-exclude TEXT Set glob patterns to exclude while watching
for files. Includes '.*, .py[cod], .sw.*,
~*' by default; these defaults can be
overridden with `--reload-include`. This
option has no effect unless watchfiles is
installed.
--reload-delay FLOAT Delay between previous and next check if
application needs to be. Defaults to 0.25s.
[default: 0.25]
--workers INTEGER Number of worker processes. Defaults to the
$WEB_CONCURRENCY environment variable if
available, or 1. Not valid with --reload.
--loop [auto|asyncio|uvloop] Event loop factory implementation.
[default: auto]
--http [auto|h11|httptools] HTTP protocol implementation. [default:
auto]
--ws [auto|websockets|websockets-sansio|wsproto]
WebSocket protocol implementation.
[default: auto]
--ws-max-size INTEGER WebSocket max size message in bytes
[default: 16777216]
--ws-max-queue INTEGER The maximum length of the WebSocket message
queue. [default: 32]
--ws-ping-interval FLOAT WebSocket ping interval in seconds.
[default: 20.0]
--ws-ping-timeout FLOAT WebSocket ping timeout in seconds.
[default: 20.0]
--ws-per-message-deflate BOOLEAN
WebSocket per-message-deflate compression
[default: True]
--lifespan [auto|on|off] Lifespan implementation. [default: auto]
--interface [auto|asgi3|asgi2|wsgi]
Select ASGI3, ASGI2, or WSGI as the
application interface. [default: auto]
--env-file PATH Environment configuration file.
--log-config PATH Logging configuration file. Supported
formats: .ini, .json, .yaml.
--log-level [critical|error|warning|info|debug|trace]
Log level. [default: info]
--access-log / --no-access-log Enable/Disable access log.
--use-colors / --no-use-colors Enable/Disable colorized logging.
--proxy-headers / --no-proxy-headers
Enable/Disable X-Forwarded-Proto,
X-Forwarded-For to populate url scheme and
remote address info.
--server-header / --no-server-header
Enable/Disable default Server header.
--date-header / --no-date-header
Enable/Disable default Date header.
--forwarded-allow-ips TEXT Comma separated list of IP Addresses, IP
Networks, or literals (e.g. UNIX Socket
path) to trust with proxy headers. Defaults
to the $FORWARDED_ALLOW_IPS environment
variable if available, or '127.0.0.1'. The
literal '*' means trust everything.
--root-path TEXT Set the ASGI 'root_path' for applications
submounted below a given URL path.
--limit-concurrency INTEGER Maximum number of concurrent connections or
tasks to allow, before issuing HTTP 503
responses.
--backlog INTEGER Maximum number of connections to hold in
backlog
--limit-max-requests INTEGER Maximum number of requests to service before
terminating the process.
--limit-max-requests-jitter INTEGER
Maximum jitter to add to limit_max_requests.
Staggers worker restarts to avoid all
workers restarting simultaneously.
[default: 0]
--timeout-keep-alive INTEGER Close Keep-Alive connections if no new data
is received within this timeout (in
seconds). [default: 5]
--timeout-graceful-shutdown INTEGER
Maximum number of seconds to wait for
graceful shutdown.
--timeout-worker-healthcheck INTEGER
Maximum number of seconds to wait for a
worker to respond to a healthcheck.
[default: 5]
--ssl-keyfile TEXT SSL key file
--ssl-certfile TEXT SSL certificate file
--ssl-keyfile-password TEXT SSL keyfile password
--ssl-version INTEGER SSL version to use (see stdlib ssl module's)
[default: 17]
--ssl-cert-reqs INTEGER Whether client certificate is required (see
stdlib ssl module's) [default: 0]
--ssl-ca-certs TEXT CA certificates file
--ssl-ciphers TEXT Ciphers to use (see stdlib ssl module's)
[default: TLSv1]
--header TEXT Specify custom default HTTP response headers
as a Name:Value pair
--version Display the uvicorn version and exit.
--app-dir TEXT Look for APP in the specified directory, by
adding this to the PYTHONPATH. Defaults to
the current working directory. [default:
""]
--h11-max-incomplete-event-size INTEGER
For h11, the maximum number of bytes to
buffer of an incomplete event.
--reset-contextvars Run each ASGI request in a fresh
contextvars.Context. Hides context set in
the lifespan.
--factory Treat APP as an application factory, i.e. a
() -> <ASGI app> callable.
--help Show this message and exit.
```
See the [settings documentation](https://uvicorn.dev/settings/index.md) for more details on the supported options for running uvicorn.
## Running programmatically
To run directly from within a Python program, you should use `uvicorn.run(app, **config)`. For example:
main.py
```
import uvicorn
class App:
...
app = App()
if __name__ == "__main__":
uvicorn.run("main:app", host="127.0.0.1", port=5000, log_level="info")
```
The set of configuration options is the same as for the command line tool.
Note that the application instance itself *can* be passed instead of the app import string.
```
uvicorn.run(app, host="127.0.0.1", port=5000, log_level="info")
```
However, this style only works if you are not using multiprocessing (`workers=NUM`) or reloading (`reload=True`), so we recommend using the import string style.
Also note that in this case, you should put `uvicorn.run` into `if __name__ == '__main__'` clause in the main module.
Note
The `reload` and `workers` parameters are **mutually exclusive**.
## Using a process manager
Running Uvicorn using a process manager ensures that you can run multiple processes in a resilient manner, and allows you to perform server upgrades without dropping requests.
A process manager will handle the socket setup, start-up multiple server processes, monitor process aliveness, and listen for signals to provide for processes restarts, shutdowns, or dialing up and down the number of running processes.
### Built-in
Uvicorn includes a `--workers` option that allows you to run multiple worker processes.
```
$ uvicorn main:app --workers 4
```
Unlike gunicorn, uvicorn does not use pre-fork, but uses [`spawn`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/multiprocessing.html#contexts-and-start-methods), which allows uvicorn's multiprocess manager to still work well on Windows.
The default process manager monitors the status of child processes and automatically restarts child processes that die unexpectedly. Not only that, it will also monitor the status of the child process through the pipeline. When the child process is accidentally stuck, the corresponding child process will be killed through an unstoppable system signal or interface.
You can also manage child processes by sending specific signals to the main process. (Not supported on Windows.)
- `SIGHUP`: Work processes are graceful restarted one after another. If you update the code, the new worker process will use the new code.
- `SIGTTIN`: Increase the number of worker processes by one.
- `SIGTTOU`: Decrease the number of worker processes by one.
### Gunicorn
Warning
The `uvicorn.workers` module is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
You should use the [`uvicorn-worker`](https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn-worker) package instead.
```
python -m pip install uvicorn-worker
```
Gunicorn is probably the simplest way to run and manage Uvicorn in a production setting. Uvicorn includes a gunicorn worker class that means you can get set up with very little configuration.
The following will start Gunicorn with four worker processes:
`gunicorn -w 4 -k uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker`
The `UvicornWorker` implementation uses the `uvloop` and `httptools` implementations. To run under PyPy you'll want to use pure-python implementation instead. You can do this by using the `UvicornH11Worker` class.
`gunicorn -w 4 -k uvicorn.workers.UvicornH11Worker`
Gunicorn provides a different set of configuration options to Uvicorn, so some options such as `--limit-concurrency` are not yet supported when running with Gunicorn.
If you need to pass uvicorn's config arguments to gunicorn workers then you'll have to subclass `UvicornWorker`:
```
from uvicorn.workers import UvicornWorker
class MyUvicornWorker(UvicornWorker):
CONFIG_KWARGS = {"loop": "asyncio", "http": "h11", "lifespan": "off"}
```
### Supervisor
To use `supervisor` as a process manager you should either:
- Hand over the socket to uvicorn using its file descriptor, which supervisor always makes available as `0`, and which must be set in the `fcgi-program` section.
- Or use a UNIX domain socket for each `uvicorn` process.
A simple supervisor configuration might look something like this:
supervisord.conf
```
[supervisord]
[fcgi-program:uvicorn]
socket=tcp://localhost:8000
command=venv/bin/uvicorn --fd 0 main:App
numprocs=4
process_name=uvicorn-%(process_num)d
stdout_logfile=/dev/stdout
stdout_logfile_maxbytes=0
```
Then run with `supervisord -n`.
## Running behind Nginx
Using Nginx as a proxy in front of your Uvicorn processes may not be necessary, but is recommended for additional resilience. Nginx can deal with serving your static media and buffering slow requests, leaving your application servers free from load as much as possible.
In managed environments such as `Heroku`, you won't typically need to configure Nginx, as your server processes will already be running behind load balancing proxies.
The recommended configuration for proxying from Nginx is to use a UNIX domain socket between Nginx and whatever the process manager that is being used to run Uvicorn. If using Uvicorn directly you can bind it to a UNIX domain socket using `uvicorn --uds /path/to/socket.sock <...>`.
When running your application behind one or more proxies you will want to make sure that each proxy sets appropriate headers to ensure that your application can properly determine the client address of the incoming connection, and if the connection was over `http` or `https`. For more information see [Proxies and Forwarded Headers](#proxies-and-forwarded-headers) below.
Here's how a simple Nginx configuration might look. This example includes setting proxy headers, and using a UNIX domain socket to communicate with the application server.
It also includes some basic configuration to forward websocket connections. For more info on this, check [Nginx recommendations](https://nginx.org/en/docs/http/websocket.html).
```
http {
server {
listen 80;
client_max_body_size 4G;
server_name example.com;
location / {
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade;
proxy_set_header Connection $connection_upgrade;
proxy_redirect off;
proxy_buffering off;
proxy_pass http://uvicorn;
}
location /static {
# path for static files
root /path/to/app/static;
}
}
map $http_upgrade $connection_upgrade {
default upgrade;
'' close;
}
upstream uvicorn {
server unix:/tmp/uvicorn.sock;
}
}
```
Uvicorn's `--proxy-headers` behavior may not be sufficient for more complex proxy configurations that use different combinations of headers, or where the application is running behind more than one intermediary proxying service.
In those cases, you might want to use an ASGI middleware to set the `client` and `scheme` dependant on the request headers.
## Running behind a CDN
Running behind a content delivery network, such as Cloudflare or Cloud Front, provides a serious layer of protection against DDoS attacks. Your service will be running behind huge clusters of proxies and load balancers that are designed for handling huge amounts of traffic, and have capabilities for detecting and closing off connections from DDoS attacks.
Proper usage of cache control headers can mean that a CDN is able to serve large amounts of data without always having to forward the request on to your server.
Content Delivery Networks can also be a low-effort way to provide HTTPS termination.
## Running with HTTPS
To run uvicorn with https, a certificate and a private key are required. The recommended way to get them is using [Let's Encrypt](https://letsencrypt.org/).
For local development with https, it's possible to use [mkcert](https://github.com/FiloSottile/mkcert) to generate a valid certificate and private key.
```
$ uvicorn main:app --port 5000 --ssl-keyfile=./key.pem --ssl-certfile=./cert.pem
```
### Running gunicorn worker
It's also possible to use certificates with uvicorn's worker for gunicorn.
```
$ gunicorn --keyfile=./key.pem --certfile=./cert.pem -k uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker main:app
```
### Customizing the SSL context
For TLS scenarios that the `--ssl-*` flags don't cover (e.g., mutual TLS, custom `SSLContext.options`, bumping `minimum_version`, loading certificates from memory), pass an `ssl_context_factory` to `uvicorn.run()` or `Config`.
The factory receives the `Config` instance and a `default_ssl_context_factory` callable that builds the standard context from the `ssl_*` settings on `Config`. Use it to start from uvicorn's default and mutate it, or ignore it and build your own context from scratch - the `ssl_*` settings are only consumed by the default factory, so if you don't call it they're effectively unused.
```
import ssl
from collections.abc import Callable
import uvicorn
from uvicorn.config import Config
def ssl_context_factory(config: Config, default_ssl_context_factory: Callable[[], ssl.SSLContext]) -> ssl.SSLContext:
context = default_ssl_context_factory()
context.minimum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_3
return context
uvicorn.run(
"main:app",
ssl_keyfile="key.pem",
ssl_certfile="cert.pem",
ssl_context_factory=ssl_context_factory,
)
```
The factory is called inside each worker process, so it works with `--reload` and `--workers > 1`. The factory itself must be picklable in those modes (a top-level function is fine; lambdas and local closures are not). The `ssl_*` settings on `Config` are only consumed by `default_ssl_context_factory()`; if you build the context yourself without calling it, those settings are ignored.
## Proxies and Forwarded Headers
When running an application behind one or more proxies, certain information about the request is lost. To avoid this most proxies will add headers containing this information for downstream servers to read.
Uvicorn currently supports the following headers:
- `X-Forwarded-For` ([MDN Reference](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Forwarded-For))
- `X-Forwarded-Proto`([MDN Reference](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/X-Forwarded-Proto))
Uvicorn can use these headers to correctly set the client and protocol in the request. However as anyone can set these headers you must configure which "clients" you will trust to have set them correctly.
Uvicorn can be configured to trust IP Addresses (e.g. `127.0.0.1`), IP Networks (e.g. `10.100.0.0/16`), or Literals (e.g. `/path/to/socket.sock`). When running from CLI these are configured using `--forwarded-allow-ips`.
Only trust clients you can actually trust!
Incorrectly trusting other clients can lead to malicious actors spoofing their apparent client address to your application.
For more information, check [`ProxyHeadersMiddleware`](https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/blob/main/uvicorn/middleware/proxy_headers.py).
### Client Port
Currently if the `ProxyHeadersMiddleware` is able to retrieve a trusted client value then the client's port will be set to `0`. This is because port information is lost when using these headers.
### UNIX Domain Sockets (UDS)
Although it is common for UNIX Domain Sockets to be used for communicating between various HTTP servers, they can mess with some of the expected received values as they will be various non-address strings or missing values.
For example:
- when NGINX itself is running behind a UDS it will add the literal `unix:` as the client in the `X-Forwarded-For` header.
- When Uvicorn is running behind a UDS the initial client will be `None`.
### Trust Everything
Rather than specifying what to trust, you can instruct Uvicorn to trust all clients using the literal `"*"`. You should only set this when you know you can trust all values within the forwarded headers (e.g. because your proxies remove the existing headers before setting their own).

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*An ASGI web server, for Python.*
______________________________________________________________________
**Documentation**: <https://uvicorn.dev>
**Source Code**: <https://www.github.com/Kludex/uvicorn>
______________________________________________________________________
**Uvicorn** is an [ASGI](https://uvicorn.dev/concepts/asgi/index.md) web server implementation for Python.
Until recently Python has lacked a minimal low-level server/application interface for async frameworks. The [ASGI specification](https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/) fills this gap, and means we're now able to start building a common set of tooling usable across all async frameworks.
Uvicorn currently supports **HTTP/1.1** and **WebSockets**.
## Sponsorship
Help us keep Uvicorn maintained and sustainable by [becoming a sponsor](https://github.com/sponsors/Kludex).
**Current sponsors:**
## Quickstart
**Uvicorn** is available on [PyPI](https://pypi.org/project/uvicorn/) so installation is as simple as:
```
pip install uvicorn
```
```
uv add uvicorn
```
See the [installation documentation](https://uvicorn.dev/installation/index.md) for more information.
______________________________________________________________________
Let's create a simple ASGI application to run with Uvicorn:
main.py
```
async def app(scope, receive, send):
assert scope['type'] == 'http'
await send({
'type': 'http.response.start',
'status': 200,
'headers': [
(b'content-type', b'text/plain'),
(b'content-length', b'13'),
],
})
await send({
'type': 'http.response.body',
'body': b'Hello, world!',
})
```
Then we can run it with Uvicorn:
```
uvicorn main:app
```
______________________________________________________________________
## Usage
The uvicorn command line tool is the easiest way to run your application.
### Command line options
```
Usage: uvicorn [OPTIONS] APP
Options:
--host TEXT Bind socket to this host. [default:
127.0.0.1]
--port INTEGER Bind socket to this port. If 0, an available
port will be picked. [default: 8000]
--uds TEXT Bind to a UNIX domain socket.
--fd INTEGER Bind to socket from this file descriptor.
--reload Enable auto-reload.
--reload-dir PATH Set reload directories explicitly, instead
of using the current working directory.
--reload-include TEXT Set glob patterns to include while watching
for files. Includes '*.py' by default; these
defaults can be overridden with `--reload-
exclude`. This option has no effect unless
watchfiles is installed.
--reload-exclude TEXT Set glob patterns to exclude while watching
for files. Includes '.*, .py[cod], .sw.*,
~*' by default; these defaults can be
overridden with `--reload-include`. This
option has no effect unless watchfiles is
installed.
--reload-delay FLOAT Delay between previous and next check if
application needs to be. Defaults to 0.25s.
[default: 0.25]
--workers INTEGER Number of worker processes. Defaults to the
$WEB_CONCURRENCY environment variable if
available, or 1. Not valid with --reload.
--loop [auto|asyncio|uvloop] Event loop factory implementation.
[default: auto]
--http [auto|h11|httptools] HTTP protocol implementation. [default:
auto]
--ws [auto|websockets|websockets-sansio|wsproto]
WebSocket protocol implementation.
[default: auto]
--ws-max-size INTEGER WebSocket max size message in bytes
[default: 16777216]
--ws-max-queue INTEGER The maximum length of the WebSocket message
queue. [default: 32]
--ws-ping-interval FLOAT WebSocket ping interval in seconds.
[default: 20.0]
--ws-ping-timeout FLOAT WebSocket ping timeout in seconds.
[default: 20.0]
--ws-per-message-deflate BOOLEAN
WebSocket per-message-deflate compression
[default: True]
--lifespan [auto|on|off] Lifespan implementation. [default: auto]
--interface [auto|asgi3|asgi2|wsgi]
Select ASGI3, ASGI2, or WSGI as the
application interface. [default: auto]
--env-file PATH Environment configuration file.
--log-config PATH Logging configuration file. Supported
formats: .ini, .json, .yaml.
--log-level [critical|error|warning|info|debug|trace]
Log level. [default: info]
--access-log / --no-access-log Enable/Disable access log.
--use-colors / --no-use-colors Enable/Disable colorized logging.
--proxy-headers / --no-proxy-headers
Enable/Disable X-Forwarded-Proto,
X-Forwarded-For to populate url scheme and
remote address info.
--server-header / --no-server-header
Enable/Disable default Server header.
--date-header / --no-date-header
Enable/Disable default Date header.
--forwarded-allow-ips TEXT Comma separated list of IP Addresses, IP
Networks, or literals (e.g. UNIX Socket
path) to trust with proxy headers. Defaults
to the $FORWARDED_ALLOW_IPS environment
variable if available, or '127.0.0.1'. The
literal '*' means trust everything.
--root-path TEXT Set the ASGI 'root_path' for applications
submounted below a given URL path.
--limit-concurrency INTEGER Maximum number of concurrent connections or
tasks to allow, before issuing HTTP 503
responses.
--backlog INTEGER Maximum number of connections to hold in
backlog
--limit-max-requests INTEGER Maximum number of requests to service before
terminating the process.
--limit-max-requests-jitter INTEGER
Maximum jitter to add to limit_max_requests.
Staggers worker restarts to avoid all
workers restarting simultaneously.
[default: 0]
--timeout-keep-alive INTEGER Close Keep-Alive connections if no new data
is received within this timeout (in
seconds). [default: 5]
--timeout-graceful-shutdown INTEGER
Maximum number of seconds to wait for
graceful shutdown.
--timeout-worker-healthcheck INTEGER
Maximum number of seconds to wait for a
worker to respond to a healthcheck.
[default: 5]
--ssl-keyfile TEXT SSL key file
--ssl-certfile TEXT SSL certificate file
--ssl-keyfile-password TEXT SSL keyfile password
--ssl-version INTEGER SSL version to use (see stdlib ssl module's)
[default: 17]
--ssl-cert-reqs INTEGER Whether client certificate is required (see
stdlib ssl module's) [default: 0]
--ssl-ca-certs TEXT CA certificates file
--ssl-ciphers TEXT Ciphers to use (see stdlib ssl module's)
[default: TLSv1]
--header TEXT Specify custom default HTTP response headers
as a Name:Value pair
--version Display the uvicorn version and exit.
--app-dir TEXT Look for APP in the specified directory, by
adding this to the PYTHONPATH. Defaults to
the current working directory. [default:
""]
--h11-max-incomplete-event-size INTEGER
For h11, the maximum number of bytes to
buffer of an incomplete event.
--reset-contextvars Run each ASGI request in a fresh
contextvars.Context. Hides context set in
the lifespan.
--factory Treat APP as an application factory, i.e. a
() -> <ASGI app> callable.
--help Show this message and exit.
```
For more information, see the [settings documentation](https://uvicorn.dev/settings/index.md).
### Running programmatically
There are several ways to run uvicorn directly from your application.
#### `uvicorn.run`
If you're looking for a programmatic equivalent of the `uvicorn` command line interface, use `uvicorn.run()`:
main.py
```
import uvicorn
async def app(scope, receive, send):
...
if __name__ == "__main__":
uvicorn.run("main:app", port=5000, log_level="info")
```
#### `Config` and `Server` instances
For more control over configuration and server lifecycle, use `uvicorn.Config` and `uvicorn.Server`:
main.py
```
import uvicorn
async def app(scope, receive, send):
...
if __name__ == "__main__":
config = uvicorn.Config("main:app", port=5000, log_level="info")
server = uvicorn.Server(config)
server.run()
```
If you'd like to run Uvicorn from an already running async environment, use `uvicorn.Server.serve()` instead:
main.py
```
import asyncio
import uvicorn
async def app(scope, receive, send):
...
async def main():
config = uvicorn.Config("main:app", port=5000, log_level="info")
server = uvicorn.Server(config)
await server.serve()
if __name__ == "__main__":
asyncio.run(main())
```
### Running with Gunicorn
Warning
The `uvicorn.workers` module is deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
You should use the [`uvicorn-worker`](https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn-worker) package instead.
```
python -m pip install uvicorn-worker
```
[Gunicorn](https://gunicorn.org/) is a mature, fully featured server and process manager.
Uvicorn includes a Gunicorn worker class allowing you to run ASGI applications, with all of Uvicorn's performance benefits, while also giving you Gunicorn's fully-featured process management.
This allows you to increase or decrease the number of worker processes on the fly, restart worker processes gracefully, or perform server upgrades without downtime.
For production deployments we recommend using gunicorn with the uvicorn worker class.
```
gunicorn example:app -w 4 -k uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker
```
For a [PyPy](https://pypy.org/) compatible configuration use `uvicorn.workers.UvicornH11Worker`.
For more information, see the [deployment documentation](https://uvicorn.dev/deployment/index.md).
### Application factories
The `--factory` flag allows loading the application from a factory function, rather than an application instance directly. The factory will be called with no arguments and should return an ASGI application.
main.py
```
def create_app():
app = ...
return app
```
```
uvicorn --factory main:create_app
```

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# Uvicorn
> The lightning-fast ASGI server.
Uvicorn is a lightning-fast ASGI server implementation, designed to run asynchronous web applications.
It supports the ASGI specification, which allows for both HTTP/1.1 and WebSocket protocols.
## Sections
- [Welcome](https://uvicorn.dev/index.md)
- [Settings](https://uvicorn.dev/settings/index.md)
- [Deployment](https://uvicorn.dev/deployment/index.md)
- [Docker](https://uvicorn.dev/deployment/docker/index.md)
- [Server Behavior](https://uvicorn.dev/server-behavior/index.md)
## Concepts
- [ASGI](https://uvicorn.dev/concepts/asgi/index.md)
- [Event Loop](https://uvicorn.dev/concepts/event-loop/index.md)
- [Lifespan](https://uvicorn.dev/concepts/lifespan/index.md)
- [Logging](https://uvicorn.dev/concepts/logging/index.md)
- [WebSockets](https://uvicorn.dev/concepts/websockets/index.md)

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{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block extrahead %}
{{ super() }}
<script>
// Redirect starlette.io to starlette.dev
if (window.location.hostname === 'www.uvicorn.org' || window.location.hostname === 'uvicorn.org') {
const newUrl = window.location.href.replace(/^https?:\/\/(www\.)?uvicorn\.org/, 'https://uvicorn.dev');
window.location.replace(newUrl);
}
</script>
{% endblock %}

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{% import "partials/nav-item.html" as item with context %}
<!-- Determine class according to configuration -->
{% set class = "md-nav md-nav--primary" %}
{% if "navigation.tabs" in features %}
{% set class = class ~ " md-nav--lifted" %}
{% endif %}
{% if "toc.integrate" in features %}
{% set class = class ~ " md-nav--integrated" %}
{% endif %}
<!-- Main navigation -->
<nav
class="{{ class }}"
aria-label="{{ lang.t('nav.title') }}"
data-md-level="0"
>
<!-- Site title -->
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__drawer">
<a
href="{{ config.extra.homepage | d(nav.homepage.url, true) | url }}"
title="{{ config.site_name | e }}"
class="md-nav__button md-logo"
aria-label="{{ config.site_name }}"
data-md-component="logo"
>
{% include "partials/logo.html" %}
</a>
{{ config.site_name }}
</label>
<!-- Repository information -->
{% if config.repo_url %}
<div class="md-nav__source">
{% include "partials/source.html" %}
</div>
{% endif %}
<!-- Navigation list -->
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
{% for nav_item in nav %}
{% set path = "__nav_" ~ loop.index %}
{{ item.render(nav_item, path, 1) }}
{% endfor %}
</ul>
<!-- Sponsors -->
<div class="md-nav__sponsors">
<p class="md-nav__sponsors-title">Sponsors</p>
<a href="https://fastapi.tiangolo.com" title="FastAPI" class="md-nav__sponsor">
<img src="{{ 'img/fastapi-logo.png' | url }}" alt="FastAPI">
</a>
<a href="https://github.com/sponsors/Kludex" class="md-nav__sponsor-cta">
Become a sponsor! ❤️
</a>
</div>
</nav>

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<!-- Copied from https://github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/issues/4827#issuecomment-1869812019 -->
<li class="md-nav__item"></li>
<a href="{{ toc_item.url }}" class="md-nav__link">
<span class="md-ellipsis">
{{ toc_item.title }}
</span>
</a>
<!-- Table of contents list -->
{% if toc_item.children %}
<nav class="md-nav" aria-label="{{ toc_item.title | striptags }}">
<ul class="md-nav__list">
{% for toc_item in toc_item.children %}
{% if not page.meta.toc_depth or toc_item.level <= page.meta.toc_depth %} {% include "partials/toc-item.html" %}
{% endif %} {% endfor %} </ul>
</nav>
{% endif %}
</li>

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from __future__ import annotations as _annotations
import re
import subprocess
from functools import lru_cache
from mkdocs.config import Config
from mkdocs.structure.files import Files
from mkdocs.structure.pages import Page
def on_page_content(html: str, page: Page, config: Config, files: Files) -> str:
"""Called on each page after the markdown is converted to HTML."""
html = add_hyperlink_to_pull_request(html, page, config, files)
return html
def add_hyperlink_to_pull_request(html: str, page: Page, config: Config, files: Files) -> str:
"""Add hyperlink on PRs mentioned on the release notes page.
If we find "(#\\d+)" it will be added an hyperlink to https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/pull/$1.
"""
if not page.file.name == "release-notes":
return html
return re.sub(r"\(#(\d+)\)", r"(<a href='https://github.com/Kludex/uvicorn/pull/\1'>#\1</a>)", html)
def on_page_markdown(markdown: str, page: Page, config: Config, files: Files) -> str:
"""Called on each file after it is read and before it is converted to HTML."""
markdown = uvicorn_print_help(markdown, page)
return markdown
def uvicorn_print_help(markdown: str, page: Page) -> str:
return re.sub(r"{{ *uvicorn_help *}}", get_uvicorn_help(), markdown)
@lru_cache
def get_uvicorn_help():
output = subprocess.run(["uvicorn", "--help"], capture_output=True, check=True)
return output.stdout.decode()

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# Server Behavior
Uvicorn is designed with particular attention to connection and resource management, in order to provide a robust server implementation. It aims to ensure graceful behavior to either server or client errors, and resilience to poor client behavior or denial of service attacks.
## HTTP Headers
The `Server` and `Date` headers are added to all outgoing requests.
If a `Connection: Close` header is included then Uvicorn will close the connection after the response. Otherwise connections will stay open, pending the keep-alive timeout.
If a `Content-Length` header is included then Uvicorn will ensure that the content length of the response body matches the value in the header, and raise an error otherwise.
If no `Content-Length` header is included then Uvicorn will use chunked encoding for the response body, and will set a `Transfer-Encoding` header if required.
If a `Transfer-Encoding` header is included then any `Content-Length` header will be ignored.
HTTP headers are mandated to be case-insensitive. Uvicorn will always send response headers strictly in lowercase.
______________________________________________________________________
## Flow Control
Proper flow control ensures that large amounts of data do not become buffered on the transport when either side of a connection is sending data faster than its counterpart is able to handle.
### Write flow control
If the write buffer passes a high water mark, then Uvicorn ensures the ASGI `send` messages will only return once the write buffer has been drained below the low water mark.
### Read flow control
Uvicorn will pause reading from a transport once the buffered request body hits a high water mark, and will only resume once `receive` has been called, or once the response has been sent.
______________________________________________________________________
## Request and Response bodies
### Response completion
Once a response has been sent, Uvicorn will no longer buffer any remaining request body. Any later calls to `receive` will return an `http.disconnect` message.
Together with the read flow control, this behavior ensures that responses that return without reading the request body will not stream any substantial amounts of data into memory.
### Expect: 100-Continue
The `Expect: 100-Continue` header may be sent by clients to require a confirmation from the server before uploading the request body. This can be used to ensure that large request bodies are only sent once the client has confirmation that the server is willing to accept the request.
Uvicorn ensures that any required `100 Continue` confirmations are only sent if the ASGI application calls `receive` to read the request body.
Note that proxy configurations may not necessarily forward on `Expect: 100-Continue` headers. In particular, Nginx defaults to buffering request bodies, and automatically sends `100 Continues` rather than passing the header on to the upstream server.
### HEAD requests
Uvicorn will strip any response body from HTTP requests with the `HEAD` method.
Applications should generally treat `HEAD` requests in the same manner as `GET` requests, in order to ensure that identical headers are sent in both cases, and that any ASGI middleware that modifies the headers will operate identically in either case.
One exception to this might be if your application serves large file downloads, in which case you might wish to only generate the response headers.
______________________________________________________________________
## Timeouts
Uvicorn provides the following timeouts:
- Keep-Alive. Defaults to 5 seconds. Between requests, connections must receive new data within this period or be disconnected.
______________________________________________________________________
## Resource Limits
Uvicorn provides the following resource limiting:
- Concurrency. Defaults to `None`. If set, this provides a maximum number of concurrent tasks *or* open connections that should be allowed. Any new requests or connections that occur once this limit has been reached will result in a "503 Service Unavailable" response. Setting this value to a limit that you know your servers are able to support will help ensure reliable resource usage, even against significantly over-resourced servers.
- Max requests. Defaults to `None`. If set, this provides a maximum number of HTTP requests that will be serviced before terminating a process. Together with a process manager this can be used to prevent memory leaks from impacting long running processes.
______________________________________________________________________
## Server Errors
Server errors will be logged at the `error` log level. All logging defaults to being written to `stdout`.
### Exceptions
If an exception is raised by an ASGI application, and a response has not yet been sent on the connection, then a `500 Server Error` HTTP response will be sent.
Uvicorn sends the headers and the status code as soon as it receives from the ASGI application. This means that if the application sends a [Response Start](https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/specs/www.html#response-start-send-event) message with a status code of `200 OK`, and then an exception is raised, the response will still be sent with a status code of `200 OK`.
### Invalid responses
Uvicorn will ensure that ASGI applications send the correct sequence of messages, and will raise errors otherwise. This includes checking for no response sent, partial response sent, or invalid message sequences being sent.
______________________________________________________________________
## Graceful Process Shutdown
Graceful process shutdowns are particularly important during a restart period. During this period you want to:
- Start a number of new server processes to handle incoming requests, listening on the existing socket.
- Stop the previous server processes from listening on the existing socket.
- Close any connections that are not currently waiting on an HTTP response, and wait for any other connections to finalize their HTTP responses.
- Wait for any background tasks to run to completion, such as occurs when the ASGI application has sent the HTTP response, but the asyncio task has not yet run to completion.
Uvicorn handles process shutdown gracefully, ensuring that connections are properly finalized, and all tasks have run to completion. During a shutdown period Uvicorn will ensure that responses and tasks must still complete within the configured timeout periods.
______________________________________________________________________
## HTTP Pipelining
HTTP/1.1 provides support for sending multiple requests on a single connection, before having received each corresponding response. Servers are required to support HTTP pipelining, but it is now generally accepted to lead to implementation issues. It is not enabled on browsers, and may not necessarily be enabled on any proxies that the HTTP request passes through.
Uvicorn supports pipelining pragmatically. It will queue up any pipelined HTTP requests, and pause reading from the underlying transport. It will not start processing pipelined requests until each response has been dealt with in turn.

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# Settings
Use the following options to configure Uvicorn, when running from the command line.
## Configuration Methods
There are three ways to configure Uvicorn:
1. **Command Line**: Use command line options when running Uvicorn directly.
```
uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000
```
1. **Programmatic**: Use keyword arguments when running programmatically with `uvicorn.run()`.
```
uvicorn.run("main:app", host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)
```
Note
When using `reload=True` or `workers=NUM`, you should put `uvicorn.run` into an `if __name__ == '__main__'` clause in the main module.
1. **Environment Variables**: Use environment variables with the prefix `UVICORN_`.
```
export UVICORN_HOST="0.0.0.0"
export UVICORN_PORT="8000"
uvicorn main:app
```
CLI options and the arguments for `uvicorn.run()` take precedence over environment variables.
Also note that `UVICORN_*` prefixed settings cannot be used from within an environment configuration file. Using an environment configuration file with the `--env-file` flag is intended for configuring the ASGI application that uvicorn runs, rather than configuring uvicorn itself.
## Application
- `APP` - The ASGI application to run, in the format `"<module>:<attribute>"`.
- `--factory` - Treat `APP` as an application factory, i.e. a `() -> <ASGI app>` callable.
- `--app-dir <path>` - Look for APP in the specified directory by adding it to the PYTHONPATH. **Default:** *Current working directory*.
- `--reset-contextvars` - Run each ASGI request in a fresh `contextvars.Context`. Workaround for a [context leak in asyncio](https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/140947); only relevant when using the `asyncio` event loop (uvloop is not affected). Enabling this hides any context set in the lifespan or by external instrumentation from ASGI handlers. **Default:** *False*.
## Socket Binding
- `--host <str>` - Bind socket to this host. Use `--host 0.0.0.0` to make the application available on your local network. IPv6 addresses are supported, for example: `--host '::'`. **Default:** *'127.0.0.1'*.
- `--port <int>` - Bind to a socket with this port. If set to 0, an available port will be picked. **Default:** *8000*.
- `--uds <path>` - Bind to a UNIX domain socket, for example `--uds /tmp/uvicorn.sock`. Useful if you want to run Uvicorn behind a reverse proxy.
- `--fd <int>` - Bind to socket from this file descriptor. Useful if you want to run Uvicorn within a process manager.
## Development
- `--reload` - Enable auto-reload. Uvicorn supports two versions of auto-reloading behavior enabled by this option. **Default:** *False*.
- `--reload-dir <path>` - Specify which directories to watch for python file changes. May be used multiple times. If unused, then by default the whole current directory will be watched. If you are running programmatically use `reload_dirs=[]` and pass a list of strings.
- `--reload-delay <float>` - Delay between previous and next check if application needs to be reloaded. **Default:** *0.25*.
### Reloading without watchfiles
If Uvicorn *cannot* load [watchfiles](https://pypi.org/project/watchfiles/) at runtime, it will periodically look for changes in modification times to all `*.py` files (and only `*.py` files) inside of its monitored directories. See the `--reload-dir` option. Specifying other file extensions is not supported unless watchfiles is installed. See the `--reload-include` and `--reload-exclude` options for details.
### Reloading with watchfiles
For more nuanced control over which file modifications trigger reloads, install `uvicorn[standard]`, which includes watchfiles as a dependency. Alternatively, install [watchfiles](https://pypi.org/project/watchfiles/) where Uvicorn can see it.
Using Uvicorn with watchfiles will enable the following options (which are otherwise ignored):
- `--reload-include <glob-pattern>` - Specify a glob pattern to match files or directories which will be watched. May be used multiple times. By default the following patterns are included: `*.py`. These defaults can be overwritten by including them in `--reload-exclude`.
- `--reload-exclude <glob-pattern>` - Specify a glob pattern to match files or directories which will excluded from watching. May be used multiple times. By default the following patterns are excluded: `.*, .py[cod], .sw.*, ~*`. These defaults can be overwritten by including them in `--reload-include`.
Tip
When using Uvicorn through [WSL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Subsystem_for_Linux), you might have to set the `WATCHFILES_FORCE_POLLING` environment variable, for file changes to trigger a reload. See [watchfiles documentation](https://watchfiles.helpmanual.io/api/watch/) for further details.
## Production
- `--workers <int>` - Number of worker processes. Defaults to the `$WEB_CONCURRENCY` environment variable if available, or 1. Not valid with `--reload`.
- `--env-file <path>` - Environment configuration file for the ASGI application. **Default:** *None*.
- `--timeout-worker-healthcheck <int>` - Maximum number of seconds to wait for a worker to respond to a healthcheck. **Default:** *5*.
Note
The `--reload` and `--workers` arguments are mutually exclusive. You cannot use both at the same time.
## Logging
- `--log-config <path>` - Logging configuration file. **Options:** *`dictConfig()` formats: .json, .yaml*. Any other format will be processed with `fileConfig()`. Set the `formatters.default.use_colors` and `formatters.access.use_colors` values to override the auto-detected behavior.
- If you wish to use a YAML file for your logging config, you will need to include PyYAML as a dependency for your project or install uvicorn with the `[standard]` optional extras.
- `--log-level <str>` - Set the log level. **Options:** *'critical', 'error', 'warning', 'info', 'debug', 'trace'.* **Default:** *'info'*.
- `--no-access-log` - Disable access log only, without changing log level.
- `--use-colors / --no-use-colors` - Enable / disable colorized formatting of the log records. If not set, colors will be auto-detected. This option is ignored if the `--log-config` CLI option is used.
## Implementation
- `--loop <str>` - Set the event loop implementation. The uvloop implementation provides greater performance, but is not compatible with Windows or PyPy. **Options:** *'auto', 'asyncio', 'uvloop'.* **Default:** *'auto'*.
- `--http <str>` - Set the HTTP protocol implementation. The httptools implementation provides greater performance, but it not compatible with PyPy. **Options:** *'auto', 'h11', 'httptools'.* **Default:** *'auto'*.
- `--ws <str>` - Set the WebSockets protocol implementation. Either of the `websockets` and `wsproto` packages are supported. There are two versions of `websockets` supported: `websockets` and `websockets-sansio`. Use `'none'` to ignore all websocket requests. **Options:** *'auto', 'none', 'websockets', 'websockets-sansio', 'wsproto'.* **Default:** *'auto'*.
- `--ws-max-size <int>` - Set the WebSockets max message size, in bytes. **Default:** *16777216* (16 MB).
- `--ws-max-queue <int>` - Set the maximum length of the WebSocket incoming message queue. Only available with the `websockets` protocol. **Default:** *32*.
- `--ws-ping-interval <float>` - Set the WebSockets ping interval, in seconds. **Default:** *20.0*.
- `--ws-ping-timeout <float>` - Set the WebSockets ping timeout, in seconds. **Default:** *20.0*.
- `--ws-per-message-deflate <bool>` - Enable/disable WebSocket per-message-deflate compression. Only available with the `websockets` protocol. **Default:** *True*.
- `--lifespan <str>` - Set the Lifespan protocol implementation. **Options:** *'auto', 'on', 'off'.* **Default:** *'auto'*.
- `--h11-max-incomplete-event-size <int>` - Set the maximum number of bytes to buffer of an incomplete event. Only available for `h11` HTTP protocol implementation. **Default:** *16384* (16 KB).
## Application Interface
- `--interface <str>` - Select ASGI3, ASGI2, or WSGI as the application interface. Note that WSGI mode always disables WebSocket support, as it is not supported by the WSGI interface. **Options:** *'auto', 'asgi3', 'asgi2', 'wsgi'.* **Default:** *'auto'*.
Warning
Uvicorn's native WSGI implementation is deprecated, you should switch to [a2wsgi](https://github.com/abersheeran/a2wsgi) (`pip install a2wsgi`).
## HTTP
- `--root-path <str>` - Set the ASGI `root_path` for applications submounted below a given URL path. **Default:** *""*.
- `--proxy-headers / --no-proxy-headers` - Enable/Disable X-Forwarded-Proto, X-Forwarded-For to populate remote address info. Defaults to enabled, but is restricted to only trusting connecting IPs in the `forwarded-allow-ips` configuration.
- `--forwarded-allow-ips <comma-separated-list>` - Comma separated list of IP Addresses, IP Networks, or literals (e.g. UNIX Socket path) to trust with proxy headers. Defaults to the `$FORWARDED_ALLOW_IPS` environment variable if available, or '127.0.0.1'. The literal `'*'` means trust everything.
- `--server-header / --no-server-header` - Enable/Disable default `Server` header. **Default:** *True*.
- `--date-header / --no-date-header` - Enable/Disable default `Date` header. **Default:** *True*.
- `--header <name:value>` - Specify custom default HTTP response headers as a Name:Value pair. May be used multiple times.
Note
The `--no-date-header` flag doesn't have effect on the `websockets` implementation.
## HTTPS
The [SSL context](https://docs.python.org/3/library/ssl.html#ssl.SSLContext) can be configured with the following options:
- `--ssl-keyfile <path>` - The SSL key file.
- `--ssl-keyfile-password <str>` - The password to decrypt the ssl key.
- `--ssl-certfile <path>` - The SSL certificate file.
- `--ssl-version <int>` - The SSL version to use. **Default:** *ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER*.
- `--ssl-cert-reqs <int>` - Whether client certificate is required. **Default:** *ssl.CERT_NONE*.
- `--ssl-ca-certs <str>` - The CA certificates file.
- `--ssl-ciphers <str>` - The ciphers to use. **Default:** *"TLSv1"*.
To understand more about the SSL context options, please refer to the [Python documentation](https://docs.python.org/3/library/ssl.html).
For advanced TLS scenarios that the flags above don't cover (e.g., mutual TLS, certificate pinning, custom `SSLContext.options`), pass an `ssl_context_factory` to `uvicorn.run()` or `Config`. See [Running with HTTPS](https://uvicorn.dev/deployment/#customizing-the-ssl-context) for details.
## Resource Limits
- `--limit-concurrency <int>` - Maximum number of concurrent connections or tasks to allow, before issuing HTTP 503 responses. Useful for ensuring known memory usage patterns even under over-resourced loads.
- `--limit-max-requests <int>` - Maximum number of requests to service before terminating the process. Useful when running together with a process manager, for preventing memory leaks from impacting long-running processes.
- `--limit-max-requests-jitter <int>` - Maximum jitter to add to `limit-max-requests`. Each worker adds a random number in the range `[0, jitter]`, staggering restarts to avoid all workers restarting simultaneously. **Default:** *0*.
- `--backlog <int>` - Maximum number of connections to hold in backlog. Relevant for heavy incoming traffic. **Default:** *2048*.
## Timeouts
- `--timeout-keep-alive <int>` - Close Keep-Alive connections if no new data is received within this timeout (in seconds). **Default:** *5*.
- `--timeout-graceful-shutdown <int>` - Maximum number of seconds to wait for graceful shutdown. After this timeout, the server will start terminating requests.

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